| 1And David went up from there, and he stayed in the strongholds of En-gedi. |
|
אוַיַּ֥עַל דָּוִ֖ד מִשָּׁ֑ם וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בִּמְצָד֥וֹת עֵֽין־גֶּֽדִי: |
| 2And it was, when Saul had returned from following the Philistines, that they told him, saying, "David is in the Desert of En-gedi." |
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בוַיְהִ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁ֣ב שָׁא֔וּל מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּגִּ֚דוּ לוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי: |
| 3And Saul took three thousand picked men from all Israel, and went to seek David and his men on the Rocks of the Wild Goats. |
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גוַיִּקַּ֣ח שָׁא֗וּל שְׁל֧שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֛ים אִ֥ישׁ בָּח֖וּר מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ לְבַקֵּ֚שׁ אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו עַל־פְּנֵ֖י צוּרֵ֥י הַיְּעֵלִֽים: |
| צורי היעלים. the Rocks of the Wild Goats. |
|
צורי היעלים.
סלעי היעלים:
|
| 4And he came to the sheepcotes on the way, and there was a cave, and Saul went in to cover his feet, while David and his men were staying at the end of the cave. |
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דוַ֠יָּבֹא אֶל־גִּדְר֨וֹת הַצֹּ֚אן עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ וְשָׁ֣ם מְעָרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְהָסֵ֣ךְ אֶת־רַגְלָ֑יו וְדָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמְּעָרָ֖ה יֹשְׁבִֽים: |
| to cover his feet. To stool. |
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להסך את רגליו.
להפנות לנקבים גדולים:
|
| 5And David's men said to him, "Behold the day concerning which the Lord said to you, 'Behold, I shall deliver your enemy into your hand; and you shall do to him as it will seem good in your eyes.' " And David arose, and secretly severed the skirt of Saul's coat. |
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הוַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י דָוִ֜ד אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּ֨ה הַיּ֜וֹם אֲֽשֶׁר־אָמַ֧ר יְהֹוָ֣ה אֵלֶ֗יךָ הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י נֹתֵ֚ן אֶת־אֹֽיִבְךָ֙ (כתיב אֹֽיִבְיךָ֙) בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְעָשִֹ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יִטַ֣ב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֗ד וַיִּכְרֹ֛ת אֶת־כְּנַֽף־הַמְּעִ֥יל אֲשֶׁר־לְשָׁא֖וּל בַּלָּֽט: |
| 6And it was afterwards, that David's heart smote him, for he had severed Saul's skirt. |
|
ווַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֥ךְ לֵב־דָּוִ֖ד אֹת֑וֹ ֤עַל אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֔ת אֶת־כָּנָ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְשָׁאֽוּל: |
| |
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ויהי אחרי כן וגו'.
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| 7And he said to his men, "The Lord forbid it for me, that I should do this thing to my lord, to the Lord's anointed, to stretch forth my hand upon him, for he is the Lord's anointed." |
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זוַיֹּ֨אמֶר לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חָלִ֧ילָה לִּ֣י מֵֽיהֹוָ֗ה אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה֩ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֨ר הַזֶּ֚ה לַֽאדֹנִי֙ לִמְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהֹוָ֔ה לִשְׁלֹ֥חַ יָדִ֖י בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהֹוָ֖ה הֽוּא: |
| And it was afterwards, etc. And he said to his men. “The Lord forbid…” These two verses are written in reversed order, but since he began to speak of the severing of the coat, he finished all the matter concerning it, and stated that he even regretted the severing of the coat. Afterwards, he returns to his first subject, and states that upon his men’s statement, “Behold, concerning this day, etc.” He retorted to them, “May the Lord forbid it for me, etc.” |
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ויאמר לאנשיו חלילה.
שני מקראות הללו כתובין שלא כסדרן, אלא כיון שהתחיל לדבר בכריתת המעיל, כלה כל דבריו, ואמר שאף בכריתת המעיל נתחרט, ואחר כך חוזר לדברו הראשון, ואומר ; על שאמרו לו אנשיו הנה היום וגו', השיב להם, חלילה לי וגו':
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| 8And David stayed his men with these words, and did not allow them to rise up against Saul, and Saul arose from the cave and went on the way. |
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חוַיְשַׁסַּ֨ע דָּוִ֚ד אֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו֙ בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם לָק֣וּם אֶל־שָׁא֑וּל וְשָׁא֛וּל קָ֥ם מֵהַמְּעָרָ֖ה וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ: |
| And David stayed. He separated and held them off with these words. |
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וישסע.
הבדיל ודחה אותם בדברים:
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| 9And David arose afterwards and emerged from the cave after Saul, saying, "My lord the King!" And Saul looked behind him, and David bowed with his face to the ground, and prostrated himself. |
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טוַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֵֽן־מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה (כתיב הַמְּעָרָ֔ה) וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֚ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ: |
| 10And David said to Saul, "Why should you listen to the words of a man, saying, 'Behold, David seeks your harm'? |
|
יוַיֹּ֚אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לְשָׁא֔וּל לָ֧מָּה תִשְׁמַ֛ע אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ רָעָתֶֽךָ: |
| Why should you listen. Why should you accept Doeg’s slander concerning me? |
|
למה תשמע.
למה תקבל עלי לשון הרע של דואג:
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| 11Behold, this day your eyes have seen how the Lord delivered you today into my hand in the cave, and (one) said to kill you, but (my soul) had pity on you, and I said, 'I shall not stretch forth my hand against my lord, for he is the Lord's anointed.' |
|
יאהִנֵּה֩ הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־נְתָנְךָ֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה | הַיּ֚וֹם | בְּיָדִי֙ בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה וְאָמַ֥ר לַהֲרָגְךָ֖ וַתָּ֣חָס עָלֶ֑יךָ וָאֹמַ֗ר לֹא־אֶשְׁלַ֚ח יָדִי֙ בַּֽאדֹנִ֔י כִּי־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהֹוָ֖ה הֽוּא: |
| and (one) said to kill you, but (my soul) had pity on you. (lit., and said to kill you, and she had pity on you) Two words are missing here, (to be explained thus): and the sayer said that I should kill you, but my soul had pity on you, similar to “and David longed to go forth to Absalom” (II Sam. 14:2. In our editions, it is 13:39), (meaning): and the soul of David longed. |
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ואמר להרגך ותחס עליך.
הרי כאן חסרים שתי תיבות, ואמר האומר שאהרגך, ותחס נפשי עליך, כמו (שמואל-ב יג לט): ותכל דוד לצאת אל אבשלום, ותכל נפש דוד:
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| 12And Father, see! Also, see the skirt of your coat in my hand, for in that I severed the skirt of your coat and I did not kill you, know and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against you, but you are stalking my soul to take it. |
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יבוְאָבִ֣י רְאֵ֔ה גַּ֗ם רְאֵ֛ה אֶת־כְּנַ֥ף מְעִילְךָ֖ בְּיָדִ֑י כִּ֡י בְּכָרְתִי֩ אֶת־כְּנַ֨ף מְעִֽילְךָ֜ וְלֹ֣א הֲרַגְתִּ֗יךָ דַּ֚ע וּרְאֵה֙ כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין בְּיָדִ֜י רָעָ֚ה וָפֶ֙שַׁע֙ וְלֹא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֛ה צֹדֶ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לְקַחְתָּֽהּ: |
| And Father, see!. i.e., pay attention to the matter, and also see the testimony, for the skirt of your coat is in my hand, and I was able to kill you. |
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ואבי ראה.
כלומר תן לבך על הדבר, וגם ראה העדות, אשר כנף מעילך בידי, והייתי יכול להרגך:
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| 13May the Lord judge between me and you, and may the Lord avenge me of you, but my hand shall not be upon you. |
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יגיִשְׁפֹּ֚ט יְהֹוָה֙ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֔ךָ וּנְקָמַ֥נִי יְהֹוָ֖ה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ וְיָדִ֖י לֹ֥א תִֽהְיֶה־בָּֽךְ: |
| 14As says the proverb of the ancient one; 'From the wicked comes forth wickedness,' and my hand shall not be upon you. |
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ידכַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֹאמַ֗ר מְשַׁל֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י מֵרְשָׁעִ֖ים יֵ֣צֵא רֶ֑שַׁע וְיָדִ֖י לֹ֥א תִֽהְיֶה־בָּֽךְ: |
| As says the proverb of the ancient one. the proverb of the Ancient One of the world; i.e., the Torah, which is the proverb of the Holy One Blessed be He. |
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כאשר יאמר משל הקדמוני.
משל קדמונו של עולם, התורה, שהיא משלו של הקב"ה:
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| “From the wicked one comes forth wickedness”. The Holy One Blessed be He, destines the wicked to fall into the hand of another wicked man like himself. And where did the Torah say (this)?“And the Lord destined it into his hand” (Ex. 21:13), as it is stated in Tractate Makkoth (10b). |
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מרשעים יצא רשע.
הקב"ה מזמן לרשע, שנופל ביד רשע כיוצא בו, והיכן אמרה תורה (שמות כא יג): והאלהים אנה לידו כדאיתא במסכת מכות (י ב):
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| 15After whom has the king of Israel come forth? Whom are you pursuing? A dead dog? A single flea? |
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טואַחֲרֵ֨י מִ֚י יָצָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַחֲרֵ֥י מִ֖י אַתָּ֣ה רֹדֵ֑ף אַֽחֲרֵי֙ כֶּ֣לֶב מֵ֔ת אַחֲרֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֥שׁ אֶחָֽד: |
| 16And the Lord shall become a judge, and He shall judge between me and you, and He shall see and plead my cause, and exact justice for me from your hand." |
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טזוְהָיָ֚ה יְהֹוָה֙ לְדַיָּ֔ן וְשָׁפַ֖ט בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ וְיֵ֙רֶא֙ וְיָרֵ֣ב אֶת־רִיבִ֔י וְיִשְׁפְּטֵ֖נִי מִיָּדֶֽךָ: |
| 17And it was, when David finished speaking these words to Saul, that Saul said, "Is this your voice, my son David?" And Saul raised his voice and wept. |
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יזוַיְהִ֣י | כְּכַלּ֣וֹת דָּוִ֗ד לְדַבֵּ֞ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֚ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל הֲקֹלְךָ֥ זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַיִּשָּׂ֥א שָׁא֛וּל קֹל֖וֹ וַיֵּֽבְךְּ: |
| 18And he said to David, "You are more righteous than I, for you have repaid me with goodness, while I have repaid you with evil. |
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יחוַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד צַדִּ֥יק אַתָּ֖ה מִמֶּ֑נִּי כִּ֚י אַתָּה֙ גְּמַלְתַּ֣נִי הַטּוֹבָ֔ה וַאֲנִ֖י גְּמַלְתִּ֥יךָ הָרָעָֽה: |
| 19And you have shown today how you have dealt well with me, how the Lord delivered me into your hand, and you did not kill me. |
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יטוְאַתָּה֙ (כתיב וְאַתָּ֙) הִגַּ֣דְתָּ הַיּ֔וֹם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִֹ֥יתָה אִתִּ֖י טוֹבָ֑ה אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר סִגְּרַ֧נִי יְהֹוָ֛ה בְּיָדְךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א הֲרַגְתָּֽנִי: |
| 20For when a man finds his enemy, does he send him away safely? And may the Lord repay you with goodness for what you have done to me on this day. |
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כוְכִֽי־יִמְצָ֥א אִישׁ֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְב֔וֹ וְשִׁלְּח֖וֹ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבָ֑ה וַֽיהֹוָה֙ יְשַׁלֶּמְךָ֣ טוֹבָ֔ה ֤תַּחַת הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִֹ֖יתָה לִֽי: |
| 21And now, behold, I know that you will reign, and the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand. |
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כאוְעַתָּה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י מָלֹ֖ךְ תִּמְל֑וֹךְ וְקָ֙מָה֙ בְּיָ֣דְךָ֔ מַמְלֶ֖כֶת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| I know that you will reign. for I see that the Holy One blessed be He saves you from my hand. The Midrash Agadah states: Samuel transmitted this sign to him that the one who tears his coat will reign after him. |
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ידעתי כי מלוך תמלוך.
שרואה אני שהקב"ה מצילך מידי ומדרש אגדה (ילקוט שמעוני רמז קלד): סימן זה מסר לו שמואל, שהקורע מעילו, ימלוך תחתיו:
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| 22And now, swear to me by the Lord, that you will not cut off my seed, and you will not destroy my name from my father's house." |
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כבוְעַתָּ֗ה הִשָּׁ֚בְעָה לִּי֙ בַּֽיהֹוָ֔ה אִם־תַּכְרִ֥ית אֶת־זַרְעִ֖י אַֽחֲרָ֑י וְאִם־תַּשְׁמִ֥יד אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י מִבֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי: |
| 23And David swore to Saul; and Saul went to his home, and David and his men went up to the stronghold. |
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כגוַיִּשָּׁבַ֥ע דָּוִ֖ד לְשָׁא֑וּל וַיֵּ֚לֶךְ שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ וְדָוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו עָל֖וּ עַל־הַמְּצוּדָֽה: |
