| 1Now all the people gathered as one man to the square that was before the Water Gate, and they said to Ezra the scholar to bring the scroll of the Law of Moses, which the Lord had commanded Israel. |
|
אוַיֵּאָֽסְפ֚וּ כָל־הָעָם֙ כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד אֶל־הָ֣רְח֔וֹב אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַמָּ֑יִם וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ לְעֶזְרָ֣א הַסֹּפֵ֔ר לְהָבִ֗יא אֶת־סֵ֙פֶר֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| 2And Ezra the priest brought the Law before the congregation, both men and women, and all who could hear with understanding, on the first day of the seventh month. |
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בוַיָּבִ֣יא עֶזְרָ֣א הַ֠כֹּהֵן אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֞ה לִפְנֵ֚י הַקָּהָל֙ מֵאִ֣ישׁ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה וְכֹ֖ל מֵבִ֣ין לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי: |
| on the first day of the seventh month. That is the day of Rosh Hashanah. |
|
ביום אחד לחדש השביעי.
הוא יום של ראש השנה:
|
| 3And he read in it before the square that was before the Water Gate from the [first] light until midday in the presence of the men and the women and those who understood, and the ears of all the people were [attentive] to the Scroll of the Law. |
|
גוַיִּקְרָא־בוֹ֩ לִפְנֵ֨י הָרְח֜וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר | לִפְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַמַּ֗יִם מִן־הָאוֹר֙ עַד־מַֽחֲצִ֣ית הַיּ֔וֹם נֶ֛גֶד הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֥ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַמְּבִינִ֑ים וְאָזְנֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־סֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה: |
| from the light. of the beginning of the day. |
|
מן האור.
של תחלת היום:
|
| to the Scroll of the Law. All the people inclined their ears. |
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אל ספר התורה.
היו כל העם מטים אזניהם:
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| 4And Ezra the scholar stood on a wooden tower that they had made for the purpose, and there stood beside him Mattithiah, and Shema, and Anaiah, and Uriah, and Hilkiah, and Maaseiah on his right, and on his left Pedaiah, Mishael, Malkijah, Hashum, Hashbadanah, Zechariah, [and] Meshullam. |
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דוַיַּֽעֲמֹ֞ד עֶזְרָ֣א הַסֹּפֵ֗ר עַל־מִגְדַּל־עֵץ֘ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ לַדָּבָר֒ וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֣ד אֶצְל֡וֹ מַתִּתְיָ֡ה וְשֶׁ֡מַע וַֽ֠עֲנָיָה וְאֽוּרִיָּ֧ה וְחִלְקִיָּ֛ה וּמַֽעֲשֵׂיָ֖ה עַל־יְמִינ֑וֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאל֗וֹ פְּ֠דָיָה וּמִֽישָׁאֵ֧ל וּמַלְכִּיָּ֛ה וְחָשֻׁ֥ם וְחַשְׁבַּדָּ֖נָה זְכַרְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּֽם: |
| on a wooden tower. That wooden tower was made for the purpose of reading the Scroll of the Law upon it. |
|
אשר עשו לדבר.
אותו מגדל עץ עשו לשם כך לקרות שם עליו ספר התורה:
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| 5And Ezra opened the scroll before the eyes of the entire people, for he was above all the people, and when he opened it, all the people stood. |
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הוַיִּפְתַּ֨ח עֶזְרָ֚א הַסֵּ֙פֶר֙ לְעֵינֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם כִּֽי־מֵעַ֥ל כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הָיָ֑ה וּכְפִתְח֖וֹ עָֽמְד֥וּ כָל־הָעָֽם: |
| for he was above all the people. Therefore, they all saw him. |
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כי מעל כל העם היה.
ועל כן ראוהו כולם:
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| and when he opened it, all the people stood. And when he opened it to read, all the people stood silent. |
|
וכפתחו עמדו כל העם.
וכאשר פתחו לקרות שתקו כל העם:
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| stood. Heb. עָמְדוּ, an expression of silence (they stood silent), like (Job 32:16): “… for they remained silent (עָמְדוּ); they no longer answered.” |
|
עמדו.
לשון שתיקה (שתקו) כמו עמדו ולא ענו עוד (איוב ל״ב:ט״ז):
|
| 6And Ezra blessed the Lord, the great God, and all the people answered, "Amen, Amen," with the uplifting of their hands, and they bent their heads and prostrated themselves to the Lord on their faces to the ground. |
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ווַיְבָ֣רֶךְ עֶזְרָ֔א אֶת־יְהֹוָ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים הַגָּד֑וֹל וַיַּֽעֲנ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם אָמֵ֚ן | אָמֵן֙ בְּמֹ֣עַל יְדֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְּד֧וּ וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ֛ לַיהֹוָ֖ה אַפַּ֥יִם אָֽרְצָה: |
| with the uplifting of their hands. with the raising of their hands, meaning that they lifted their hands on high to thank the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is stated: (I Kings 8:22): “… and spread forth his hands towards heaven.” |
|
במועל ידיהם.
בנשיאות ידיהם שנשאו כפיהם למעלה להודות להקב"ה כענין שנאמר ויפרוש כפיו השמים (מלכים א ח׳:כ״ב):
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| 7And Jeshua, and Bani, and Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah, and the Levites explained the Law to the people, and the people stood in their place. |
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זוְיֵשׁ֡וּעַ וּבָנִ֡י וְשֵׁרֵֽבְיָ֣ה יָמִ֡ין עַקּ֡וּב שַׁבְּתַ֣י | הֽוֹדִיָּ֡ה מַֽעֲשֵׂיָ֡ה קְלִיטָ֣א עֲזַרְיָה֩ יֽוֹזָבָ֨ד חָנָ֚ן פְּלָאיָה֙ וְהַֽלְוִיִּ֔ם מְבִינִ֥ים אֶת־הָעָ֖ם לַתּוֹרָ֑ה וְהָעָ֖ם עַל־עָמְדָֽם: |
| explained… to the people. meaning that they would translate the words of the Torah to the people. |
|
מבינים את העם.
שהיו מתרגמין לעם דברי תורה:
|
| in their place. meaning that they were standing on their feet. |
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על עמדם.
שהיו עומדים על רגליהם:
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| 8And they read in the scroll, in the Law of God, distinctly, and gave sense, and they explained the reading to them. |
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חוַיִּקְרְא֥וּ בַסֵּ֛פֶר בְּתוֹרַ֥ת הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים מְפֹרָ֑שׁ וְשׂ֣וֹם שֶׂ֔כֶל וַיָּבִ֖ינוּ בַּמִּקְרָֽא: |
| and gave sense. Heb. וְשּׂם שֶׂכֶל, and giving wisdom; וְשּׂם is an expression of doing. |
|
ושום שכל.
ושימת חכמה ושום לשון פעול:
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| 9Then Nehemiah-he is Hattirshatha-and Ezra the priest, the scholar, and the Levites who caused the people to understand, said to all the people, "This day is holy to the Lord your God; neither mourn nor weep," for all the people were weeping when they heard the words of the Law. |
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טוַיֹּ֣אמֶר נְחֶמְיָ֣ה ה֣וּא הַתִּרְשָׁ֡תָא וְעֶזְרָ֣א הַכֹּהֵ֣ן | הַסֹּפֵ֡ר וְהַֽלְוִיִּם֩ הַמְּבִינִ֨ים אֶת־הָעָ֜ם לְכָל־הָעָ֗ם הַיּ֚וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ־הוּא֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אַל־תִּֽתְאַבְּל֖וּ וְאַל־תִּבְכּ֑וּ כִּ֚י בוֹכִים֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כְּשָׁמְעָ֖ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַתּוֹרָֽה: |
| The day is holy. because it is the day of Rosh Hashanah. |
|
היום קדוש.
כי יום ר"ה הוא:
|
| for all the people were weeping. because they did not uphold the Torah appropriately. |
|
כי בוכים כל העם.
מפני שלא קיימו התורה כראוי:
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| 10And he said to them, "Go, eat fat foods and drink sweet drinks and send portions to whoever has nothing prepared, for the day is holy to our Lord, and do not be sad, for the joy of the Lord is your strength." |
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יוַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֡ם לְכוּ֩ אִכְל֨וּ מַשְׁמַנִּ֜ים וּשְׁת֣וּ מַמְתַּקִּ֗ים וְשִׁלְח֚וּ מָנוֹת֙ לְאֵ֣ין נָכ֣וֹן ל֔וֹ כִּֽי־קָד֥וֹשׁ הַיּ֖וֹם לַֽאֲדֹנֵ֑ינוּ וְאַל־תֵּ֣עָצֵ֔בוּ כִּֽי־חֶדְוַ֥ת יְהֹוָ֖ה הִ֥יא מָֽעֻזְּכֶֽם: |
| to whoever has nothing prepared. to a poor man who has no food prepared for himself. |
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לאין נכון לו.
לעני שאין מזומן לו מאכלו:
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| 11And the Levites quieted all the people, saying, "Hush, for the day is holy, and do not be sad." |
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יאוְהַֽלְוִיִּ֞ם מַחְשִׁ֚ים לְכָל־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֣ר הַ֔סּוּ כִּֽי־הַיּ֖וֹם קָדֹ֑שׁ וְאַל־תֵּֽעָצֵֽבוּ: |
| quieted. They admonished all the people to be quiet, that they should weep no longer. |
|
מחשים.
היו מזהירין לכל העם לחשות שלא יבכו עוד:
|
| Hush. Heb. הַסוּ, an expression of silence, like (Num. 13:30): “And Caleb hushed (וַיַהַס).” |
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הסו.
ל' שתיקה כמו ויהס כלב (מדבר י"ג):
|
| 12Then all the people went to eat and to drink and to send portions and to rejoice greatly, for they understood the words that they informed them of. |
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יבוַיֵּֽלְכ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם לֶֽאֱכֹ֚ל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת֙ וּלְשַׁלַּ֣ח מָנ֔וֹת וְלַֽעֲשׂ֖וֹת שִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה כִּ֚י הֵבִ֙ינוּ֙ בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹדִ֖יעוּ לָהֶֽם: |
| 13And on the second day, the heads of the fathers' houses of all the people, the priests, and the Levites, gathered to Ezra the scholar, and to understand the words of the Torah. |
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יגוּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֡י נֶֽאֶסְפוּ֩ רָאשֵׁ֨י הָֽאָב֜וֹת לְכָל־הָעָ֗ם הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַֽלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶל־עֶזְרָ֖א הַסֹּפֵ֑ר וּלְהַשְׂכִּ֖יל אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַתּוֹרָֽה: |
| And on the second day. of Rosh Hashanah. |
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וביום השני.
של ראש השנה:
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| 14And they found written in the Torah that the Lord had commanded by the hand of Moses that the Children of Israel dwell in booths on the festival in the seventh month. |
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ידוַיִּמְצְא֖וּ כָּת֣וּב בַּתּוֹרָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֚ה יְהֹוָה֙ בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֩ יֵֽשְׁב֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל בַּסֻּכּ֛וֹת בֶּחָ֖ג בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי: |
| 15And that they should announce and proclaim in all their cities and in Jerusalem, saying, "Go out to the mountain and bring olive leaves and leaves of oil trees, myrtle leaves, date palm leaves, and leaves of plaited trees, to make booths, as it is written." |
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טווַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר יַשְׁמִ֗יעוּ וְיַֽעֲבִ֨ירוּ ק֥וֹל בְּכָל־עָֽרֵיהֶם֘ וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֣ם לֵאמֹר֒ צְא֣וּ הָהָ֗ר וְהָבִ֙יאוּ֙ עֲלֵי־זַ֙יִת֙ וַֽעֲלֵי־עֵ֣ץ שֶׁ֔מֶן וַֽעֲלֵ֚י הֲדָס֙ וַֽעֲלֵ֣י תְמָרִ֔ים וַֽעֲלֵ֖י עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֑ת לַֽעֲשׂ֥ת סֻכֹּ֖ת כַּכָּתֽוּב: |
| And that they should announce. And they commanded that they announce that they celebrate the Festival of Sukkoth, and so it is customary for Scripture to speak in this manner, like (I Sam. 9:27): “Tell the servant and he will go ahead of us.” |
|
ואשר ישמיעו.
וצוו אשר ישמיעו קול לחוג את חג הסוכות וכן נוהג המקרא לדבר כענין הזה כמו אמור לנער ויעבור לפנינו (שמואל א ט׳:כ״ז):
|
| myrtle leaves. It is explained in Tractate Succah (12a) that this is a wild myrtle which is unfit for the lulav and only fit to make a sukkah. |
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ועלי הדס.
מפורש במסכת סוכה זה הדס שוטה שאינו ראוי ללולב כי אם לעשות סוכה:
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| date palm leaves. for a lulav. |
|
ועלי תמרים.
ללולב:
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| and leaves of plaited trees. This is the myrtle that is fit for the lulav as is explained in Tractate Succah (ad loc.). |
|
ועלי עץ עבות.
זה הדס הראוי ללולב כמפורש במסכת סוכה:
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| 16And the people went forth and brought [them] and made booths for themselves, each one on his roof and in their courts and in the courts of the House of God, and in the square of the Water Gate, and in the square of the Gate of Ephraim. |
|
טזוַיֵּצְא֣וּ הָעָם֘ וַיָּבִיאוּ֒ וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ֩ לָהֶ֨ם סֻכּ֜וֹת אִ֚ישׁ עַל־גַּגּוֹ֙ וּבְחַצְרֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וּבְחַצְר֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים וּבִרְחוֹב֙ שַׁ֣עַר הַמַּ֔יִם וּבִרְח֖וֹב שַׁ֥עַר אֶפְרָֽיִם: |
| 17And all the congregation of the returnees from the captivity made booths and dwelt in the booths, for they had not done so from the days of Jeshua the son of Nun until that day, and there was exceedingly great joy. |
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יזוַיַּֽעֲשׂ֣וּ כָל־הַ֠קָּהָל הַשָּׁבִ֨ים מִן־הַשְּׁבִ֥י | סֻכּוֹת֘ וַיֵּֽשְׁב֣וּ בַסֻּכּוֹת֒ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־עָשׂ֡וּ מִימֵי֩ יֵשׁ֨וּעַ בִּן־נ֥וּן כֵּן֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַתְּהִ֛י שִׂמְחָ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֥ה מְאֹֽד: |
| 18And he read in the scroll of the Law of God day by day from the first day until the last day, and they made the festival seven days, and on the eighth day an assembly according to the ordinance. |
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יחוַ֠יִּקְרָא בְּסֵ֨פֶר תּוֹרַ֚ת הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ י֣וֹם | בְּי֔וֹם מִן־הַיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הָאַֽחֲר֑וֹן וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־חָג֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֛י עֲצֶ֖רֶת כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט: |
| day by day. every day. |
|
יום ביום.
בכל יום ויום:
|
