| 1Dinah, the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to look about among the daughters of the land. |
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אוַתֵּצֵ֤א דִינָה֙ בַּת־לֵאָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָֽלְדָ֖ה לְיַֽעֲקֹ֑ב לִרְא֖וֹת בִּבְנ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ: |
| the daughter of Leah. And not the daughter of Jacob? However, because of her going out she was called the daughter of Leah, since she (Leah) too was in the habit of going out, as it is said: “and Leah came forth toward him” (above 30:16). [from Tanchuma Vayishlach 7] (And concerning her, they devise the proverb: Like mother like daughter.) - [Gen. Rabbah 80:1] |
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בַּת־לֵאָה.
וְלֹא בַת יַעֲקֹב? אֶלָּא עַל שֵׁם יְצִיאָתָהּ נִקְרֵאת בַּת לֵאָה, שֶׁאַף הִיא יַצְאָנִית הָיְתָה (בראשית רבה), שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַתֵּצֶא לֵאָה לִקְרָאתוֹ (וְעָלֶיהָ מָשְׁלוּ הַמָּשָׁל כְּאִמָּהּ כְּבִתָּהּ):
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| 2And Shechem the son of Hamor, the Hivvite, the prince of the land, saw her, and he took her, lay with her, and violated her. |
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בוַיַּ֨רְא אֹתָ֜הּ שְׁכֶ֧ם בֶּן־חֲמ֛וֹר הַֽחִוִּ֖י נְשִׂ֣יא הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אֹתָ֖הּ וַיְעַנֶּֽהָ: |
| lay with her. in a natural way. — [from Gen. Rabbah 80:5] |
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וַיִּשְׁכַּב אֹתָהּ.
כְּדַרְכָּהּ:
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| and violated her. Heb. וַיְעַנֶהָ, lit., and afflicted her. [I.e. he was intimate with her] in an unnatural way. — [from Gen. Rabbah 80: 5] |
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וַיְעַנֶּֽהָ.
שֶׁלֹּא כְדַרְכָּהּ (בראשית רבה):
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| 3And his soul cleaved to Dinah the daughter of Jacob; he loved the girl and spoke to the girl's heart. |
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גוַתִּדְבַּ֣ק נַפְשׁ֔וֹ בְּדִינָ֖ה בַּת־יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב וַיֶּֽאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הַנַּֽעֲרָה֔ (כתיב הנער) וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֥ב הַנַּֽעֲרָֽה (כתיב הנער) : |
| and spoke to the girl’s heart. [I.e. he spoke] seductive words, “Look how much money your father squandered for a small parcel of land. I will marry you, and you will acquire the city and all its fields.” - [from Gen. Rabbah 80:7] |
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עַל־לֵב הנערה.
דְּבָרִים הַמִּתְיַשְּׁבִים עַל הַלֵּב; רְאִי, אָבִיךְ בְּחֶלְקַת שָׂדֶה קְטַנָּה כַּמָּה מָמוֹן בִּזְבֵּז, אֲנִי אַשִּׂיאֵךְ וְתִקְנֶה הָעִיר וְכָל שְׂדוֹתֶיהָ:
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| 4And Shechem spoke to his father Hamor saying, "Take this girl for me as a wife." |
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דוַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁכֶ֔ם אֶל־חֲמ֥וֹר אָבִ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר קַח־לִ֛י אֶת־הַיַּלְדָּ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לְאִשָּֽׁה: |
| 5Jacob had heard that he had defiled his daughter Dinah, but his sons were with his livestock in the field, and Jacob kept silent until they came [home]. |
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הוְיַֽעֲקֹ֣ב שָׁמַ֗ע כִּ֤י טִמֵּא֙ אֶת־דִּינָ֣ה בִתּ֔וֹ וּבָנָ֛יו הָי֥וּ אֶת־מִקְנֵ֖הוּ בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְהֶֽחֱרִ֥שׁ יַֽעֲקֹ֖ב עַד־בֹּאָֽם: |
| 6And Hamor, the father of Shechem, went out to Jacob to speak with him. |
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ווַיֵּצֵ֛א חֲמ֥וֹר אֲבִֽי־שְׁכֶ֖ם אֶל־יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב לְדַבֵּ֖ר אִתּֽוֹ: |
| 7And Jacob's sons had come from the field when they heard, and the men were grieved, and they burned fiercely, because he had committed a scandalous act in Israel, to lie with a daughter of Jacob, and such ought not to be done. |
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זוּבְנֵ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֗ב בָּ֤אוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ כְּשָׁמְעָ֔ם וַיִּתְעַצְּבוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיִּ֥חַר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹ֑ד כִּ֣י נְבָלָ֞ה עָשָׂ֣ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־בַּת־יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וְכֵ֖ן לֹ֥א יֵֽעָשֶֽׂה: |
| and such ought not to be done. to violate virgins, for the nations (the general population) had refrained from illicit relationships because of the Flood. — [from Gen. Rabbah 80:7] |
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וְכֵן לֹא יֵֽעָשֶֽׂה.
לְעַנּוֹת אֶת הַבְּתוּלוֹת, שֶׁהָאֻמּוֹת גָּדְרוּ עַצְמָן מִן הָעֲרָיוֹת עַל יְדֵי הַמַּבּוּל (בראשית רבה):
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| 8And Hamor spoke with them, saying, "My son Shechem his soul has a liking for your daughter. Please give her to him for a wife. |
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חוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר חֲמ֖וֹר אִתָּ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר שְׁכֶ֣ם בְּנִ֗י חָֽשְׁקָ֤ה נַפְשׁוֹ֙ בְּבִתְּכֶ֔ם תְּנ֨וּ נָ֥א אֹתָ֛הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה: |
| has a liking. He desires. |
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חָֽשְׁקָה.
חָפְצָה:
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| 9And intermarry with us; you shall give us your daughters, and you shall take our daughters for yourselves. |
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טוְהִתְחַתְּנ֖וּ אֹתָ֑נוּ בְּנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ תִּתְּנוּ־לָ֔נוּ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֖ינוּ תִּקְח֥וּ לָכֶֽם: |
| 10And you shall dwell with us, and the land shall be before you; remain, do business there and settle there." |
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יוְאִתָּ֖נוּ תֵּשֵׁ֑בוּ וְהָאָ֨רֶץ֙ תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם שְׁבוּ֙ וּסְחָר֔וּהָ וְהֵאָֽחֲז֖וּ בָּֽהּ: |
| 11And Shechem said to her father and to her brothers, "May I find favor in your eyes. Whatever you tell me I will give. |
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יאוַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁכֶם֙ אֶל־אָבִ֣יהָ וְאֶל־אַחֶ֔יהָ אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם וַֽאֲשֶׁ֧ר תֹּאמְר֛וּ אֵלַ֖י אֶתֵּֽן: |
| 12Impose upon me a large marriage settlement and gifts, and I will give as [much as] you ask of me, but give me the girl for a wife." |
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יבהַרְבּ֨וּ עָלַ֤י מְאֹד֙ מֹ֣הַר וּמַתָּ֔ן וְאֶ֨תְּנָ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר תֹּֽאמְר֖וּ אֵלָ֑י וּתְנוּ־לִ֥י אֶת־הַנַּֽעֲרָ֖ (כתיב הנער) לְאִשָּֽׁה: |
| marriage settlement. Kethubah. — [from Mechilta Mishpatim, Nezikin 17] |
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מֹהַר.
כְּתֻבָּה:
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| 13Thereupon, Jacob's sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor with cunning, and they spoke, because [after all] he had defiled their sister Dinah. |
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יגוַיַּֽעֲנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יַֽעֲקֹ֜ב אֶת־שְׁכֶ֨ם וְאֶת־חֲמ֥וֹר אָבִ֛יו בְּמִרְמָ֖ה וַיְדַבֵּ֑רוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר טִמֵּ֔א אֵ֖ת דִּינָ֥ה אֲחֹתָֽם: |
| with cunning. Heb. בְּמִרְמָה, with cunning. — [from Targum Onkelos] |
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בְּמִרְמָה.
בְּחָכְמָה:
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| because [after all] he had defiled. Scripture states that this was not trickery because [after all] he had defiled their sister Dinah. — [from Gen. Rabbah 80:8] |
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אֲשֶׁר טִמֵּא.
הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה רְמִיָּה, שֶׁהֲרֵי טִמֵּא אֶת דִּינָה אֲחֹתָם (בראשית רבה):
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| 14And they said to them, "We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to a man who has a foreskin, for that is a disgrace to us. |
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ידוַיֹּֽאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לֹ֤א נוּכַל֙ לַֽעֲשׂוֹת֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לָתֵת֙ אֶת־אֲחֹתֵ֔נוּ לְאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ עָרְלָ֑ה כִּֽי־חֶרְפָּ֥ה הִ֖וא לָֽנוּ: |
| for that is a disgrace to us. To us, it is a defect. If someone wishes to insult another person, he says, “You are uncircumcised,” or “[You are] the son of an uncircumcised person.” Wherever חֶרְפָּה is mentioned, it is an [expression of] insult. |
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חֶרְפָּה הִוא.
שֶׁמֶץ פְּסוּל הוּא אֶצְלֵנוּ; הַבָּא לְחָרֵף חֲבֵרוֹ הוּא אוֹמֵר לוֹ עָרֵל אַתָּה אוֹ בֶּן עָרֵל. חֶרְפָּה בְּכָל מָקוֹם גִּדּוּף:
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| 15But with this, however, we will consent to you, if you will be like us, that every male will be circumcised. |
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טואַךְ־בְּזֹ֖את נֵא֣וֹת לָכֶ֑ם אִ֚ם תִּֽהְי֣וּ כָמֹ֔נוּ לְהִמֹּ֥ל לָכֶ֖ם כָּל־זָכָֽר: |
| we will consent to you. Heb. נֵאוֹת. We will consent to you, an expression like (וַיֵאֹתוּ הַכֹּהִנִים), “And (the priests) consented,” (in connection with Jehoiada) (II Kings 12:9). |
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נֵאוֹת לָכֶם.
נִתְרַצֶּה לָכֶם, לְשׁוֹן וַיֵּאֹתוּ (מלכים ב י"ב):
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| will be circumcised. Heb. לְהִמֹל, lit., to be circumcised. This is not in the active voice but in the passive. |
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להמול.
לִהְיוֹת נִמּוֹל. אֵינוֹ לְשׁוֹן לִפְעֹל אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן לְהִפָּעֵל:
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| 16Then we will give you our daughters, and we will take your daughters for ourselves, and we will dwell with you and become one people. |
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טזוְנָתַ֤נּוּ אֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֨ינוּ֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְאֶת־בְּנֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם נִקַּח־לָ֑נוּ וְיָשַׁ֣בְנוּ אִתְּכֶ֔ם וְהָיִ֖ינוּ לְעַ֥ם אֶחָֽד: |
| Then we will give. Heb. וְנָתַנוּ. The second “nun” is punctuated with a “dagesh,” because it serves instead of two “nuns,” [like] וְנָתַנְנוּ. |
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וְנָתַנּוּ.
נוּ"ן שְׁנִיָּה מֻדְגֶּשֶׁת לְפִי שֶׁהִיא מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת בִּמְקוֹם שְׁתֵּי נוּנִי"ן, וְנָתַנְנוּ:
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| and we will take your daughters for ourselves. You find in the stipulation that Hamor suggested to Jacob, and in the reply of Jacob’s sons to Hamor, that they [Hamor and Shechem] attached importance to Jacob’s sons, [allowing them] to take whomever of the daughters of Shechem they would choose for themselves, and their daughters they would give to them [the people of Shechem], as they (the sons of Jacob) wished, for it is written: “Then we will give you our daughters,” as we wish, “and we will take your daughters for ourselves,” however we wish. But, when Hamor and his son Shechem spoke to their townsmen, they reversed the matter, [and said (verse 21),] “We will take their daughters for ourselves as wives, and our daughters we will give them,” in order to appease them (the townsmen), that they would consent to be circumcised. |
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וְאֶת־בְּנֹֽתֵיכֶם נִקַּח־לָנוּ.
אַתָּה מוֹצֵא בַּתְּנַאי שֶׁאָמַר חֲמוֹר לְיַעֲקֹב וּבִתְשׁוּבַת בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב לַחֲמוֹר, שֶׁתָּלוּ הַחֲשִׁיבוּת בִּבְנֵי יַעֲקֹב לִקַּח בְּנוֹת שְׁכֶם אֶת שֶׁיִּבְחֲרוּ לָהֶם, וּבְנוֹתֵיהֶם יִתְּנוּ לָהֶם לְפִי דַעְתָּם, דִּכְתִיב וְנָתַנּוּ אֶת בְּנֹתֵינוּ – לְפִי דַעְתֵּנוּ, וְאֶת בְּנֹתֵיכֶם נִקַּח לָנוּ – כְּכָל אֲשֶׁר נַחְפֹּץ; וּכְשֶׁדִּבְּרוּ חֲמוֹר וּשְׁכֶם בְּנוֹ אֶל יוֹשְׁבֵי עִירָם הָפְכוּ הַדְּבָרִים, אֶת בְּנֹתָם נִקַּח לָנוּ לְנָשִׁים וְאֶת בְּנֹתֵינוּ נִתֵּן לָהֶם, כְּדֵי לְרַצּוֹתָם שֶׁיֵּאוֹתוּ לְהִמּוֹל:
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| 17But if you do not listen to us to be circumcised, we will take our daughter and go." |
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יזוְאִם־לֹ֧א תִשְׁמְע֛וּ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ לְהִמּ֑וֹל וְלָקַ֥חְנוּ אֶת־בִּתֵּ֖נוּ וְהָלָֽכְנוּ: |
| 18Their words pleased Hamor and Shechem, the son of Hamor. |
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יחוַיִּֽיטְב֥וּ דִבְרֵיהֶ֖ם בְּעֵינֵ֣י חֲמ֑וֹר וּבְעֵינֵ֖י שְׁכֶ֥ם בֶּן־חֲמֽוֹר: |
| 19And the young man did not delay to do the thing because he desired Jacob's daughter, and he was the most honored in all his father's household. |
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יטוְלֹֽא־אֵחַ֤ר הַנַּ֨עַר֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הַדָּבָ֔ר כִּ֥י חָפֵ֖ץ בְּבַת־יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב וְה֣וּא נִכְבָּ֔ד מִכֹּ֖ל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיו: |
| 20And Hamor and his son Shechem came to the gate of their city, and they spoke to the people of their city, saying, |
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כוַיָּבֹ֥א חֲמ֛וֹר וּשְׁכֶ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ אֶל־שַׁ֣עַר עִירָ֑ם וַיְדַבְּר֛וּ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י עִירָ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר: |
| 21"These men are peaceful with us, and they will dwell in the land and do business there, and the land behold it is spacious enough for them. We will take their daughters for ourselves as wives, and we will give them our daughters. |
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כאהָֽאֲנָשִׁ֨ים הָאֵ֜לֶּה שְׁלֵמִ֧ים הֵ֣ם אִתָּ֗נוּ וְיֵֽשְׁב֤וּ בָאָ֨רֶץ֙ וְיִסְחֲר֣וּ אֹתָ֔הּ וְהָאָ֛רֶץ הִנֵּ֥ה רַֽחֲבַת־יָדַ֖יִם לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם אֶת־בְּנֹתָם֙ נִקַּח־לָ֣נוּ לְנָשִׁ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֖ינוּ נִתֵּ֥ן לָהֶֽם: |
| These men are peaceful with us. Heb. שְׁלֵמִים. With peace and sincerity. |
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שְׁלֵמִים.
בְּשָׁלוֹם וּבְלֵב שָׁלֵם:
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| and the land-behold it is spacious enough. [The metaphor is that of] a person whose hand is wide and generous. That is to say: You will not lose anything [if they trade here]. Plenty of merchandise comes here, and there is no one to purchase it. |
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וְהָאָרֶץ הִנֵּה רַֽחֲבַת־יָדַיִם.
כְּאָדָם שֶׁיָּדוֹ רְחָבָה וּוַתְרָנִית; כְּלוֹמַר, אַל תַּפְסִידוּ כְּלוּם – פְּרַקְמַטְיָא הַרְבֵּה בָּאָה לְכָאן וְאֵין לָהּ קוֹנִים:
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| 22However, [only] with this [condition] will the men consent to dwell with us, to become one people, by every male among us being circumcised, just as they are circumcised. |
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כבאַךְ־בְּ֠זֹ֠את יֵאֹ֨תוּ לָ֤נוּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אִתָּ֔נוּ לִֽהְי֖וֹת לְעַ֣ם אֶחָ֑ד בְּהִמּ֥וֹל לָ֨נוּ֙ כָּל־זָכָ֔ר כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר הֵ֥ם נִמֹּלִֽים: |
| by…being circumcised. Heb. בְּהִמוֹל, by being circumcised. |
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בְּהִמּוֹל.
בִּהְיוֹת נִמּוֹל:
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| 23Then shall not their cattle, their property, and all their beasts be ours? But let us consent to them, and they will dwell with us." |
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כגמִקְנֵהֶ֤ם וְקִנְיָנָם֙ וְכָל־בְּהֶמְתָּ֔ם הֲל֥וֹא לָ֖נוּ הֵ֑ם אַ֚ךְ נֵא֣וֹתָה לָהֶ֔ם וְיֵֽשְׁב֖וּ אִתָּֽנוּ: |
| But let us consent to them. regarding this matter, and thereby, they will dwell with us. |
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אַךְ נֵאוֹתָה לָהֶם.
לְדָבָר זֶה, וְעַל יְדֵי כֵן יֵשְׁבוּ אִתָּנוּ:
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| 24And all those coming out of the gate of his city listened to Hamor and his son Shechem, and every male, all who went out of the gate of his city, became circumcised. |
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כדוַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ אֶל־חֲמוֹר֙ וְאֶל־שְׁכֶ֣ם בְּנ֔וֹ כָּל־יֹֽצְאֵ֖י שַׁ֣עַר עִיר֑וֹ וַיִּמֹּ֨לוּ֙ כָּל־זָכָ֔ר כָּל־יֹֽצְאֵ֖י שַׁ֥עַר עִירֽוֹ: |
| 25Now it came to pass on the third day, when they were in pain, that Jacob's two sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah's brothers, each took his sword, and they came upon the city with confidence, and they slew every male. |
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כהוַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֣ם כֹּֽאֲבִ֗ים וַיִּקְח֣וּ שְׁנֵֽי־בְנֵֽי־יַֽ֠עֲקֹ֠ב שִׁמְע֨וֹן וְלֵוִ֜י אֲחֵ֤י דִינָה֙ אִ֣ישׁ חַרְבּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ עַל־הָעִ֖יר בֶּ֑טַח וַיַּֽהַרְג֖וּ כָּל־זָכָֽר: |
| Jacob’s two sons. They were his sons, but nevertheless, Simeon and Levi conducted themselves like other people, who were not his sons, for they did not take counsel with him. — [from Gen. Rabbah 80:10] |
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שְׁנֵֽי־בְנֵֽי־יַֽעֲקֹב.
בָּנָיו הָיוּ, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן נָהֲגוּ עַצְמָן שִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי כִּשְׁאָר אֲנָשִׁים שֶׁאֵינָם בָּנָיו, שֶׁלֹּא נָטְלוּ עֵצָה הֵימֶנּוּ (בראשית רבה):
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| Dinah’s brothers. Since they risked their lives for her, they were called her brothers. — [from Gen. Rabbah 80:10] |
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אֲחֵי דִינָה.
לְפִי שֶׁמָּסְרוּ עַצְמָן עָלֶיהָ נִקְרְאוּ אַחֶיהָ:
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| with confidence. Because they (the townsmen) were in pain. The Aggadah (Gen. Rabbah 80:10) says: They were confident in the strength of the elder (Jacob). |
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בֶּטַח.
שֶׁהָיוּ כוֹאֲבִים וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה בְּטוּחִים הָיוּ עַל כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל זָקֵן (בראשית רבה):
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| 26And Hamor and his son Shechem they slew with the edge of the sword, and they took Dinah out of Shechem's house and left. |
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כווְאֶת־חֲמוֹר֙ וְאֶת־שְׁכֶ֣ם בְּנ֔וֹ הָֽרְג֖וּ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וַיִּקְח֧וּ אֶת־דִּינָ֛ה מִבֵּ֥ית שְׁכֶ֖ם וַיֵּצֵֽאוּ: |
| 27Jacob's sons came upon the slain and plundered the city that had defiled their sister. |
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כזבְּנֵ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֗ב בָּ֚אוּ עַל־הַ֣חֲלָלִ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖זּוּ הָעִ֑יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר טִמְּא֖וּ אֲחוֹתָֽם: |
| upon the slain. to strip the slain. [from Targum Onkelos] |
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עַל־הַחֲלָלִים.
לְפַשֵּׁט הַחֲלָלִים:
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| 28Their flocks and their cattle and their donkeys, and whatever was in the city and whatever was in the field they took. |
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כחאֶת־צֹאנָ֥ם וְאֶת־בְּקָרָ֖ם וְאֶת־חֲמֹֽרֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־בָּעִ֛יר וְאֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה לָקָֽחוּ: |
| 29And all their wealth and all their infants and their wives they captured and plundered, and all that was in the house. |
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כטוְאֶת־כָּל־חֵילָ֤ם וְאֶת־כָּל־טַפָּם֙ וְאֶת־נְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם שָׁב֖וּ וַיָּבֹ֑זּוּ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּבָּֽיִת: |
| And all their wealth. Heb. חֵילָם, their money, and similarly; “amassed this wealth (הַחַיִל) for me” (Deut. 8:17); “and Israel amasses wealth (חָיִל)” (Num. 24: 18); “and leave over their possessions (חֵילָם) to others” (Ps. 49:11). |
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חֵילָם.
מָמוֹנָם וְכֵן עָשָׂה לִי אֶת הַחַיִל הַזֶּה (דברים ח'), וְיִשְׂרָאֵל עֹשֶׂה חָיִל (במדבר כ"ד), וְעָזְבוּ לַאֲחֵרִים חֵילָם (תהילים מ"ט):
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| they captured. Heb. שָׁבוּ, a term denoting captivity. Therefore, the accent is on the latter syllable. — [from Targum Onkelos] |
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שָׁבוּ.
לְשׁוֹן שְׁבִיָּה, לְפִיכָךְ טַעֲמוֹ מִלְּרָע:
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| 30Thereupon, Jacob said to Simeon and to Levi, "You have troubled me, to discredit me among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and among the Perizzites, and I am few in number, and they will gather against me and attack me, and I and my household will be destroyed." |
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לוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַֽעֲקֹ֜ב אֶל־שִׁמְע֣וֹן וְאֶל־לֵוִי֘ עֲכַרְתֶּ֣ם אֹתִי֒ לְהַבְאִישֵׁ֨נִי֙ בְּישֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֔רֶץ בַּכְּנַֽעֲנִ֖י וּבַפְּרִזִּ֑י וַֽאֲנִי֙ מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר וְנֶֽאֶסְפ֤וּ עָלַי֙ וְהִכּ֔וּנִי וְנִשְׁמַדְתִּ֖י אֲנִ֥י וּבֵיתִֽי: |
| You have troubled me. Heb. עִכַרְתֶּם, an expression denoting murky water [meaning that] now my mind is not clear [without worry]. The Aggadah (Gen. Rabbah 80: 12) [explains]: The barrel was clear, but you have made it murky. (I.e., I saw our way clear to co-exist with the Canaanites, but now you have spoiled the possibility to do so.) The Canaanites had a tradition that they would fall into the hands of Jacob’s sons, but they said [that this would only happen], “Until you are fruitful and inherit the land” (Exod. 23:30). Therefore, they have been silent. |
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עֲכַרְתֶּם.
לְשׁוֹן מַיִם עֲכוּרִים, אֵין דַּעְתִּי צְלוּלָה עַכְשָׁו (ברכות כ"ה). וְאַגָּדָה, צְלוּלָה הָיְתָה הֶחָבִית וַעֲכַרְתֶּם אוֹתָהּ (בראשית רבה) – מָסֹרֶת הָיְתָה בְּיַד כְּנַעֲנִים שֶׁיִּפְּלוּ בְּיַד בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים עַד אֲשֶׁר תִּפְרֶה וְנָחַלְתָּ אֶת הָאָרֶץ (שמות כ"ג), לְפִיכָךְ הָיוּ שׁוֹתְקִין:
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| few in number. few men. |
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מְתֵי מִסְפָּר.
אֲנָשִׁים מוּעָטִים:
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| 31And they said, "Shall he make our sister like a harlot?" |
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לאוַֽיֹּאמְר֑וּ הַֽכְזוֹנָ֕ה יַֽעֲשֶׂ֖ה אֶת־אֲחוֹתֵֽנוּ: |
| like a harlot. Abandoned. — [from Gen. Rabbah 80:12] |
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הַֽכְזוֹנָה.
הֶפְקֵר:
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| our sister. [Onkelos renders] יָת לַאֲחָתָנָא, our sister. |
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אֶת־אֲחוֹתֵֽנוּ.
יָת אֲחָתָנָא:
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