| 1The people were looking to complain, and it was evil in the ears of the Lord. The Lord heard and His anger flared, and a fire from the Lord burned among them, consuming the extremes of the camp. |
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אוַיְהִ֤י הָעָם֙ כְּמִתְאֹ֣נְנִ֔ים רַ֖ע בְּאָזְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהֹוָה֙ וַיִּ֣חַר אַפּ֔וֹ וַתִּבְעַר־בָּם֙ אֵ֣שׁ יְהֹוָ֔ה וַתֹּ֖אכַל בִּקְצֵ֥ה הַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
| The people were looking to complain. Heb. הָעָם. [The word] הָעָם, the people, is used only in reference to the wicked. Similarly it says, “What shall I do about this people (הָעָם)?” (Exod. 17:4), and it says,“this evil people (הָעָם)” (Jer. 13:10). But when they are virtuous, they are called עַמִּי, My people, as it says, “Send forth My people (עַמִּי)” (Exod. 8:16); “My people (עַמִּי), what have I done to you?” (Mic. 6: 3). - [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:1] |
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וַיְהִי הָעָם כְּמִתְאֹנְנִים.
אֵין הָעָם אֶלָּא רְשָׁעִים, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר "מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לָעָם הַזֶּה" (שמות י"ז), וְאוֹמֵר "הָעָם הַזֶּה הָרָע" (ירמיהו י"ג); וּכְשֶׁהֵם כְּשֵׁרִים קְרוּאִים "עַמִּי", שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "שַׁלַּח עַמִּי" (שמות ח׳:ט״ז), "עַמִּי מֶה עָשִׂיתִי לְךָ" (מיכה ו'):
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| were looking to complain. [The term] מִתְאוֹנְנִים denotes a pretext. They were seeking a pretext to turn away from the Omnipresent. Similarly, it says regarding Samson, “that he sought a pretext (תֹאֲנָה)” (Jud. 14:4) |
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כְּמִתְאֹנְנִים.
אֵין מִתְאוֹנְנִים אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן עֲלִילָה — מְבַקְּשִׁים עֲלִילָה הֵיאַךְ לִפְרֹשׁ מֵאַחֲרֵי הַמָּקוֹם, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּשִׁמְשׁוֹן (שופטים י"ד), "כִּי תֹאֲנָה הוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ" (ספרי):
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| evil in the ears of the Lord. A pretext that was evil in God’s ears, for they intended that it should reach His ears and provoke Him (Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:1). They said, Woe is to us! How weary we have become on this journey! For three days we have not rested from the fatigue of walking. — [Midrash Aggadah] |
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רַע בְּאָזְנֵי ה'.
תּוֹאֲנָה שֶׁהִיא רָעָה בְּאָזְנֵי ה', שֶׁמִּתְכַּוְּנִים שֶׁתָּבֹא בְּאָזְנָיו וְיַקְנִיט, אָמְרוּ: אוֹי לָנוּ, כַּמָּה לֻבַּטְנוּ בַּדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה, שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים שֶׁלֹּא נַחְנוּ מֵעִנּוּי הַדֶּרֶךְ:
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| His anger flared. [He said,] I meant it for your own good-that you should be able to enter the Land immediately. — [Midrash Aggadah] |
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וַיִּחַר אַפּוֹ.
אֲנִי הָיִיתִי מִתְכַּוֵּן לְטוֹבַתְכֶם — שֶׁתִּכָּנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ מִיָּד:
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| the extremes of the camp. Heb. בִּקְצֵה הַמַּחֲנֶה. Those untouchable because of their baseness-these were the mixed multitude (See Exod. 12:36). R. Simeon ben Menassia says, The most distinguished (קְצִינִים) among them and the prominent ones. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:1] |
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בִּקְצֵה הַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה.
בְּמֻּקְצִין שֶׁבָּהֶם לְשִׁפְלוּת, אֵלּוּ עֵרֶב רַב, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן מְנַסְיָא אוֹמֵר, בַּקְּצִינִים שֶׁבָּהֶם וּבַגְּדוֹלִים (עי' ספרי):
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| 2The people cried out to Moses; Moses prayed to the Lord, and the fire died down. |
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בוַיִּצְעַ֥ק הָעָ֖ם אֶל־משֶׁ֑ה וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֤ל משֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהֹוָ֔ה וַתִּשְׁקַ֖ע הָאֵֽשׁ: |
| The people cried out to Moses. This can be compared to a mortal king who became angry with his son. That son went to his father’s close friend and said to him, "Go and ask [forgiveness] on my behalf from Father." — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:2] |
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וַיִּצְעַק הָעָם אֶל־משֶׁה.
מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם שֶׁכָּעַס עַל בְּנוֹ, וְהָלַךְ הַבֵּן אֵצֶל אוֹהֲבוֹ שֶׁל אָבִיו וְאָמַר לוֹ צֵא וּבַקֵּשׁ עָלַי מֵאַבָּא:
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| and the fire died down. It sank in its place into the earth, for had it turned along one of the sides [of the camp], it would have gradually rolled along that entire side [and caused more destruction]. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:2] |
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וַתִּשְׁקַע הָאֵֽשׁ.
שָׁקְעָה בִּמְקוֹמָהּ, שֶׁאִלּוּ חָזְרָה לְאַחַת הָרוּחוֹת הָיְתָה מְקַפֶּלֶת וְהוֹלֶכֶת כָּל אוֹתוֹ הָרוּחַ (ספרי):
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| 3He named that place Tab'erah, for the fire of the Lord had burned among them there. |
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גוַיִּקְרָ֛א שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא תַּבְעֵרָ֑ה כִּי־בָֽעֲרָ֥ה בָ֖ם אֵ֥שׁ יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 4But the multitude among them began to have strong cravings. Then even the children of Israel once again began to cry, and they said, "Who will feed us meat? |
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דוְהָֽאסַפְסֻף֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ הִתְאַוּ֖וּ תַּֽאֲוָ֑ה וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ וַיִּבְכּ֗וּ גַּ֚ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מִ֥י יַֽאֲכִלֵ֖נוּ בָּשָֽׂר: |
| But the multitude. Heb. וְהָאסַפְסֻף, lit., the gathering. These were the mixed multitude, which had attached themselves to Israel when they left Egypt (see Exod. 12:36). - [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:4, Midrash Aggadah] |
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וְהָֽאסַפְסֻף.
אֵלּוּ עֵרֶב רַב שֶׁנֶּאֶסְפוּ עֲלֵיהֶם בְּצֵאתָם מִמִּצְרַיִם:
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| [The children of Israel] once again…. The children of Israel also wept again together with them. — [Midrash Aggadah] |
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וַיָּשֻׁבוּ גַּם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּבְכּוּ.
עִמָּהֶם:
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| Who will feed us meat?. Did they not have meat? Does it not say, “Also a great mixed multitude went up with them, and flocks and cattle” (Exod. 12:38)? You might argue that they had already eaten them. But when they were about to enter the Land, is it not written that, “the children of Reuben had much cattle” (Num. 32:1)? The answer is that they were seeking a pretext. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:4] |
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מִי יַֽאֲכִלֵנוּ בָּשָֽׂר.
וְכִי לֹא הָיָה לָהֶם בָּשָׂר? וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר "וְגַם עֵרֶב רַב עָלָה אִתָּם וְצֹאן וּבָקָר" וְגוֹ' (שמות י"ב), וְאִם תֹּאמַר אֲכָלוּם, וַהֲלֹא בִּכְנִיסָתָן לָאָרֶץ נֶאֱמַר "וּמִקְנֶה רַב הָיָה לִבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן" וְגוֹ' (במדבר ל"ב)? אֶלָּא שֶׁמְּבַקְשִׁים עֲלִילָה (ספרי):
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| 5We remember the fish that we ate in Egypt free of charge, the cucumbers, the watermelons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic. |
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הזָכַ֨רְנוּ֙ אֶת־הַדָּגָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־נֹאכַ֥ל בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם חִנָּ֑ם אֵ֣ת הַקִּשֻּׁאִ֗ים וְאֵת֙ הָֽאֲבַטִּחִ֔ים וְאֶת־הֶֽחָצִ֥יר וְאֶת־הַבְּצָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַשּׁוּמִֽים: |
| which we ate in Egypt free of charge. If you say that the Egyptians gave them fish free of charge, does it not already say, “Straw shall not be given to you” (Exod. 5:18)? Now if straw was not given free of charge, was fish given to them free of charge? So what does “free of charge” mean? Free from [the burden of] precepts. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:5] |
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אֲשֶׁר־נֹאכַל בְּמִצְרַיִם חִנָּם.
אִם תֹּאמַר שֶׁמִּצְרִיִּים נוֹתְנִים לָהֶם דָּגִים חִנָּם, וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר "וְתֶבֶן לֹא יִנָּתֵן לָכֶם" (שמות ה'), אִם תֶּבֶן לֹא הָיוּ נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם חִנָּם, דָּגִים הָיוּ נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם חִנָּם? וּמַהוּ אוֹמֵר חִנָּם, חִנָּם מִן הַמִּצְוֹת (ספרי):
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| the cucumbers. R. Simeon says: Why did the manna change into everything except these? Because they are harmful for nursing mothers. We tell a [nursing] woman, “Do not eat any garlic or onion, for the baby’s sake. This can be compared to a king [who gave his son over to a teacher. He sat down and ordered him and said to him, ”See that he does not eat any harmful food and does not drink any harmful drink. Because of this, the son complained about his father, saying, “Not because he loves me, but because he does not want me to eat,”] as it is written in the Sifrei (Beha’alothecha 1:42:5). |
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אֶת־הַקִּשֻּׁאִים.
אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מִפְּנֵי מָה הַמָּן מִשְׁתַּנֶּה לְכָל דָּבָר חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ? מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן קָשִׁים לַמְּנִיקוֹת, אוֹמְרִים לְאִשָּׁה אַל תֹּאכְלִי שׁוּם וּבָצָל מִפְּנֵי הַתִּינוֹק, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ וְכוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְּסִפְרֵי:
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| the cucumbers. Heb. הַקִּשֻׁאִים. In old French, cocombres. |
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הַקִּשֻּׁאִים.
הֵם קוקומבר"שׂ בְּלַעַז:
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| watermelons. Heb. אֲבַטִּחִים. In old French, bodekes. |
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אבטיחים.
בודיק"ש:
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| leeks. Heb. הֶחָצִיר, leeks, [In old French], porels. Targum [Onkelos] renders, “the cucumbers etc.” |
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הֶֽחָצִיר.
כְּרֵישִׁין, פוריל"ש (תַּרְגּוּמוֹ יָת בּוֹצִינַיָּא וְכוּ'):
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| 6But now, our bodies are dried out, for there is nothing at all; we have nothing but manna to look at." |
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ווְעַתָּ֛ה נַפְשֵׁ֥נוּ יְבֵשָׁ֖ה אֵ֣ין כֹּ֑ל בִּלְתִּ֖י אֶל־הַמָּ֥ן עֵינֵֽינוּ: |
| we have nothing but manna to look at. Manna in the morning, manna in the evening. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:5] |
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אֶל־הַמָּן עֵינֵֽינוּ.
מָן בַּשַּׁחַר, מָן בָּעֶרֶב:
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| 7Now the manna was like coriander seed, and its appearance was like the appearance of crystal. |
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זוְהַמָּ֕ן כִּזְרַע־גַּ֖ד ה֑וּא וְעֵינ֖וֹ כְּעֵ֥ין הַבְּדֹֽלַח: |
| Now the manna was like coriander seed. The one who said this [verse] did not say that. The Israelites said, “We have nothing but manna to look at,” whereas the Holy One, blessed is He, inscribed in the Torah, “the manna was like coriander seed…” as if to say, “See, all you who inhabit the world, what my children are complaining about-the manna is excellent in so many ways!” - [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:1] |
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וְהַמָּן כִּזְרַע־גַּד.
מִי שֶׁאָמַר זֶה לֹא אָמַר זֶה, יִשְֹרָאֵל אוֹמְרִים "בִּלְתִּי אֶל הַמָּן עֵינֵינוּ" וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הִכְתִּיב בַּתּוֹרָה "וְהַמָּן כִּזְרַע גַּד" וְגוֹ', כְּלוֹמַר רְאוּ בָּאֵי עוֹלָם עַל מָה מִתְלוֹנְנִים בָּנַי, וְהַמָּן כָּךְ וְכָךְ הוּא חָשׁוּב:
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| like coriander seed. Heb. כִּזְרַע גַּד הוּא, round like coriander, seed of coliandre [in French]. — [Yoma 75a] |
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כִּזְרַע־גַּד.
עָגֹל כְּגִידָּא — זֶרַע קוליינדר"ו:
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| crystal. Heb. בְּדֹלַח, the name of a precious stone, [in French,] cristal. |
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הַבְּדֹֽלַח.
שֵׁם אֶבֶן טוֹבָה קריסט"ל:
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| 8The people walked about and gathered it. Then they ground it in a mill or crushed it in a mortar, cooked it in a pot and made it into cakes. It had a taste like the taste of oil cake. |
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חשָׁ֩טוּ֩ הָעָ֨ם וְלָֽקְט֜וּ וְטָֽחֲנ֣וּ בָֽרֵחַ֗יִם א֤וֹ דָכוּ֙ בַּמְּדֹכָ֔ה וּבִשְּׁלוּ֙ בַּפָּר֔וּר וְעָשׂ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ עֻג֑וֹת וְהָיָ֣ה טַעְמ֔וֹ כְּטַ֖עַם לְשַׁ֥ד הַשָּֽׁמֶן: |
| walked about. [The expression] שַׁיִט denotes nothing but taking a stroll; [in old French,] esbaneyr, [walking] without exertion. |
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שָׁטוּ.
אֵין שִׁיּוּט אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן טִיּוּל, אישבנ"ייר — בְּלֹא עָמָל:
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| ground it in a mill. [The manna] did not actually enter the mill, the pot, or the mortar, but its taste changed to [that of] ground, crushed, or cooked food. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:8] |
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וְטָֽחֲנוּ בָֽרֵחַיִם וגו'.
לֹא יָרַד בָּרֵחַיִם וְלֹא בַקְּדֵרָה וְלֹא בַמְּדוֹכָה, אֶלָּא מִשְׁתַּנֶּה הָיָה טַעֲמוֹ לַנִּטְחָנִין וְלַנְּדוֹכִין וְלַמְבֻשָּׁלִין (ספרי):
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| in a pot. Heb. בַּפָּרוּר, a pot. |
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בַּפָּרוּר.
קְדֵרָה:
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| oil cakes. Heb. לְשֶׁד הַשָּׁמֶן, the moisture of oil. This is how Donash (Teshuvoth Donash p. 14) explains it. Similar to this is: “My freshness (לְשַׁדִּי) was transformed as in the droughts of summer” (Ps. 32: 4), in which the “lamed” [of לְשַׁדִּי] is part of the root, [meaning] “My freshness (לְשַׁדִּי) was transformed as in the droughts of summer.” [First edition of Rashi reads: and he (Donash) compares to this… (See Yosef Hallel).] Our Sages (Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:8), however, explained it as a term meaning “breasts” (שָׁדַיִם), but what have breasts to do with oil? It is impossible to say that לְשֶׁד הַשָּׁמֶן is related to the expression וַיִשְׁמַן יְשֻׁרוּן, “Jeshurun grew fat” (Deut. 32:15) [and thus, the meaning would be “the taste of a fat breast”], for if that were the case, the “mem” [in the word הַשָּׁמֶן] would be vowelized with a minor “kamatz” [known as “tzeireh”], and the accent would be at the end of the word, under the “mem,” [reading הַשָּׁמֶן]. Now, however, that the “mem” is vowelized with a minor “pathach” [known as “segol”] and the accent is under the “shin,” it means “oil.” The “shin” is vowelized with a major “kamatz” הַשָּׁמֶן and not with a minor “pathach” הַשֶּׁמֶן because it is the last word in a verse. Another interpretation: לְשַׁד is an acronym standing for לִישׁ שֶׁמֶן דְּבַשׁ, kneaded with oil and honey, like a dough kneaded with oil and coated with honey. The rendering of Onkelos who renders: דְּלִישׁ בְּמִשְׁחָא, kneaded with oil , which leans toward the interpretation offered by Donash, since dough kneaded with oil contains the moisture of oil. |
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לְשַׁד הַשָּֽׁמֶן.
לִחְלוּחַ שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן, כָּךְ פֵּרְשׁוֹ דּוּנָשׁ, וְדוֹמֶה לוֹ "נֶהְפַּךְ לְשַׁדִּי בְּחַרְבֹנֵי קַיִץ" (תהילים ל"ב), וְהַלָּמֶ"ד יְסוֹד, — נֶהְפַּךְ לִחְלוּחִי בְּחַרְבוֹנֵי קַיִץ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵרְשׁוּהוּ לְשׁוֹן שָׁדַיִם, אַךְ אֵין עִנְיַן שָׁדַיִם אֵצֶל שֶׁמֶן; וְאִאֶ"ל לְשַׁד הַשָּׁמֶן לְשׁוֹן "וַיִּשְׁמַן יְשֻׁרוּן" (דברים ל"ב), שֶׁאִם כֵּן הָיָה הַמֵּ"ם נָקוּד קָמָץ וְטַעְמוֹ לְמַטָּה תַּחַת הַמֵּ"ם, עַכְשָׁו שֶׁהַמֵּ"ם נָקוּד פַּתָּח קָטָן וְהַטַּעַם תַּחַת הַשִּׁי"ן, לְשׁוֹן שֶׁמֶן הוּא, וְהַשִּׁ"ין הַנְּקוּדָה בְּקָמָץ גָּדוֹל וְאֵינָהּ נְקוּדָה בְּפַתָּח קָטָן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא סוֹף פָּסוּק. דָּבָר אַחֵר: לְשַׁד לְשׁוֹן נוֹטָרִיקוֹן — לִישׁ שֶׁמֶן דְּבַשׁ, כְּעִסָּה הַנִּלּוֹשָׁה בְּשֶׁמֶן וּקְטוּפָה בִדְבַשׁ. וְתַרְגּוּם שֶׁל אֻנְקְלוֹס דִּמְתַרְגֵּם "דְּלִישׁ בְּמִשְׁחָא" נוֹטֶה לְפִתְרוֹנוֹ שֶׁל דּוּנָשׁ, שֶׁהָעִסָּה הַנִּלּוֹשָׁה בְשֶׁמֶן לַחְלוּחִית שֶׁמֶן יֵשׁ בָּהּ:
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| 9When the dew descended on the camp at night, the manna would descend upon it. |
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טוּבְרֶ֧דֶת הַטַּ֛ל עַל־הַמַּֽחֲנֶ֖ה לָ֑יְלָה יֵרֵ֥ד הַמָּ֖ן עָלָֽיו: |
| 10Moses heard the people weeping with their families, each one at the entrance to his tent. The Lord became very angry, and Moses considered it evil. |
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יוַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע משֶׁ֜ה אֶת־הָעָ֗ם בֹּכֶה֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔יו אִ֖ישׁ לְפֶ֣תַח אָֽהֳל֑וֹ וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהֹוָה֙ מְאֹ֔ד וּבְעֵינֵ֥י משֶׁ֖ה רָֽע: |
| weeping with their families. Families gathered in groups weeping so as to publicize their grievance. Our Sages say that the meaning is: “concerning family matters,” that is, because intermarriage among family members was forbidden to them. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:10, Yoma 75a] |
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בֹּכֶה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָיו.
מִשְׁפָּחוֹת מִשְׁפָּחוֹת נֶאֱסָפִים וּבוֹכִים לְפַרְסֵם תַּרְעֻמְתָּן בְּגָלוּי. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ (יומא ע"ה) לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָיו, עַל עִסְקֵי מִשְׁפָּחוֹת —עַל עֲרָיוֹת הַנֶּאֱסָרוֹת לָהֶם:
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| 11Moses said to the Lord, "Why have You treated Your servant so badly? Why have I not found favor in Your eyes that You place the burden of this entire people upon me? |
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יאוַיֹּ֨אמֶר משֶׁ֜ה אֶל־יְהֹוָ֗ה לָמָ֤ה הֲרֵעֹ֨תָ֙ לְעַבְדֶּ֔ךָ וְלָ֛מָּה לֹֽא־מָצָ֥תִי (חסר א') חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶי֑ךָ לָשׂ֗וּם אֶת־מַשָּׂ֛א כָּל־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה עָלָֽי: |
| 12Did I conceive this entire people? Did I give birth to them, that You say to me, 'Carry them in your bosom as the nurse carries the suckling,' to the Land You promised their forefathers? |
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יבהֶאָֽנֹכִ֣י הָרִ֗יתִי אֵ֚ת כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אִם־אָֽנֹכִ֖י יְלִדְתִּ֑יהוּ כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֵלַ֜י שָׂאֵ֣הוּ בְחֵיקֶ֗ךָ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשָּׂ֤א הָֽאֹמֵן֙ אֶת־הַיֹּנֵ֔ק עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתָּ לַֽאֲבֹתָֽיו: |
| that You say to me. Heb. כִּי תֹאמַר אֵלַי, that You say to me, ‘Carry them in your bosom.’ When did He tell him this? “Go, lead the people” (Exod. 32:34), and it says, “He commanded them concerning the children of Israel” (ibid. 6:13)-even if they stone you or insult you. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:10] |
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כִּֽי־תֹאמַר אֵלַי.
שֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר אֵלַי שָׂאֵהוּ בְחֵיקֶךָ; וְהֵיכָן אָמַר לוֹ כֵן? "לֵךְ נְחֵה אֶת הָעָם" (שמות ל"ב), וְאוֹמֵר "וַיְצַוֵּם אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל" (שם ו') — עַל מְנָת שֶׁיִּהְיוּ סוֹקְלִים אֶתְכֶם וּמְחָרְפִים אֶתְכֶם (ספרי):
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| to the Land You promised their forefathers. You tell me to carry them in my bosom. [This phrase is connected to that clause, not to “as the nurse carries the suckling,” which immediately precedes this phrase.] |
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עַל הָֽאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ לַֽאֲבֹתָֽיו.
אַתָּה אוֹמֵר לִי לְשֵׂאתָם בְּחֵיקִי:
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| 13Where can I get meat to give all these people? For they are crying on me, saying, 'Give us meat to eat.' |
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יגמֵאַ֤יִן לִי֙ בָּשָׂ֔ר לָתֵ֖ת לְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־יִבְכּ֤וּ עָלַי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנָה־לָּ֥נוּ בָשָׂ֖ר וְנֹאכֵֽלָה: |
| 14Alone I cannot carry this entire people for it is too hard for me. |
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ידלֹֽא־אוּכַ֤ל אָֽנֹכִי֙ לְבַדִּ֔י לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֥י כָבֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽנִּי: |
| 15If this is the way You treat me, please kill me if I have found favor in Your eyes, so that I not see my misfortune." |
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טווְאִם־כָּ֣כָה | אַתְּ־עֹ֣שֶׂה לִּ֗י הָרְגֵ֤נִי נָא֙ הָרֹ֔ג אִם־מָצָ֥אתִי חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶי֑ךָ וְאַל־אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּרָֽעָתִֽי: |
| If this is the way You treat me. Moses’ strength became weak like a woman’s when God showed him the punishment He was going to bring upon them. Because of this, he said to Him, “Kill me first….” - [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:14] |
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וְאִם־כָּכָה אַתְּ־עושה לִּי.
תָּשַׁשׁ כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה כִּנְקֵבָה כְּשֶׁהֶרְאָהוּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הַפֻּרְעָנוּת שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לְהָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם עַל זֹאת, אָמַר לְפָנָיו, אִם כֵּן, הָרְגֵנִי תְּחִלָּה:
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| so that I not see my misfortune. Scripture should have written, “their misfortune,” [or “Your misfortune,” according to Divrei David] but it euphemizes. This is one of the scribal emendations in the Torah, [such as writers make] for the purpose of modifying and adjusting the text. — [Midrash Tanchuma Beshallach 16; Mechilta Beshallach, parashah 6] |
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וְאַל־אֶרְאֶה בְּרָֽעָתִֽי.
בְּרָעָתָם הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב, אֶלָּא שֶׁכִּנָּה הַכָּתוּב, וְזֶה אֶחָד מִתִּקּוּנֵי סוֹפְרִים בַּתּוֹרָה לְכִנּוּי וּלְתִקּוּן לָשׁוֹן:
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| 16Then the Lord said to Moses, "Assemble for Me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to be the people's elders and officers, and you shall take them to the Tent of Meeting, and they shall stand there with you. |
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טזוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהֹוָ֜ה אֶל־משֶׁ֗ה אֶסְפָה־לִּ֞י שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִישׁ֘ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּי־הֵ֛ם זִקְנֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם וְשֹֽׁטְרָ֑יו וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֤ אֹתָם֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְהִתְיַצְּב֥וּ שָׁ֖ם עִמָּֽךְ: |
| Assemble for Me. This is a response to your complaint, that you said, “Alone I cannot….” Where were the first group of elders? Had they not sat with them [with Moses and Aaron] even in Egypt, as it says, “Go and gather the elders of Israel” (Exod. 3:16) ? But they died in the fire at Tab’erah (verses 1-3). They deserved this already at Sinai, as it is written, “They perceived God” (Exod. 24:11), behaving irreverently, like someone munching his bread while speaking to the king, and this is the meaning of “they ate and drank” (ibid.). However, God did not want to give cause for mourning at the giving of the Torah, so he punished them here. — [Midrash Tanchuma Beha’alothecha 16] |
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אֶסְפָה־לִּי.
הֲרֵי תְשׁוּבָה לִתְלוּנָתְךָ שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ לֹא אוּכַל אָנֹכִי לְבַדִּי; וְהַזְּקֵנִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הֵיכָן הָיוּ? וַהֲלֹא אַף בְּמִצְרַיִם יָשְׁבוּ עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ג') "לֵךְ וְאָסַפְתָּ אֶת זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל"? אֶלָּא בְּאֵשׁ תַּבְעֵרָה מֵתוּ; וּרְאוּיִים הָיוּ לְכָךְ מִסִּינַי, דִּכְתִיב "וַיֶּחֱזוּ אֶת הָאֱלֹהִים" (שם כ"ד) — שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ קַלּוּת רֹאשׁ כְּנוֹשֵׁךְ פִּתּוֹ וּמְדַבֵּר בִּפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, וְזֶהוּ "וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתּוּ", וְלֹא רָצָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לִתֵּן אֲבֵלוּת בְּמַתַּן תּוֹרָה וּפָרַע לָהֶם כָּאן (תנחומא):
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| whom you know to be…. Those whom you know, that they were appointed as officers over them in Egypt [to oversee] the rigorous labor, and they had mercy on them, and were beaten on their account, as it says, “the officers of the children of Israel were beaten” (Exod. 5:14). Now they shall be chosen in their greatness, just as they had suffered in their [Israel’s] distress. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42: 16] |
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אֲשֶׁר יָדַעְתָּ כִּי־הֵם וגו'.
אוֹתָן שֶׁאַתָּה מַכִּיר שֶׁנִּתְמַנּוּ עֲלֵיהֶם שׁוֹטְרִים בְּמִצְרַיִם בַּעֲבוֹדַת פֶּרֶךְ וְהָיוּ מְרַחֲמִים עֲלֵיהֶם וּמֻכִּים עַל יָדָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיֻּכּוּ שֹׁטְרֵי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל" (שמות ה'), עַתָּה יִתְמַנּוּ בִגְדֻלָּתָן כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁנִּצְטַעֲרוּ בְּצָרָתָן (עי' ספרי):
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| and you shall take them. Take them with words: “How fortunate you are that you have been appointed leaders over the children of the Omnipresent!” - [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:16] |
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וְלָֽקַחְתָּ אֹתָם.
קָחֵם בִּדְבָרִים, "אַשְׁרֵיכֶם שֶׁנִּתְמַנִּיתֶם פַּרְנָסִים עַל בָּנָיו שֶׁל מָקוֹם":
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| and they shall stand there with you. so that the Israelites should see and treat them with esteem and honor, saying, "How beloved are these who have entered with Moses to hear the speech from the mouth of the Holy One, blessed is He. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:16] |
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וְהִתְיַצְּבוּ שָׁם עִמָּֽךְ.
כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּרְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִנְהֲגוּ בָהֶם גְּדֻלָּה וְכָבוֹד, וְיֹאמְרוּ חֲבִיבִין אֵלּוּ שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ עִם מֹשֶׁה לִשְׁמֹעַ דִּבּוּר מִפִּי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (שם):
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| 17I will come down and speak with you there, and I will increase the spirit that is upon you and bestow it upon them. Then they will bear the burden of the people with you so that you need not bear it alone. |
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יזוְיָֽרַדְתִּ֗י וְדִבַּרְתִּ֣י עִמְּךָ֘ שָׁם֒ וְאָֽצַלְתִּ֗י מִן־הָר֛וּחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָֽשְׂא֤וּ אִתְּךָ֙ בְּמַשָּׂ֣א הָעָ֔ם וְלֹֽא־תִשָּׂ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לְבַדֶּֽךָ: |
| I will come down. This is one of the ten descents [of the Shechinah] recorded in the Torah. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:17] |
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וְיָֽרַדְתִּי.
זוֹ אַחַת מֵעֶשֶׂר יְרִידוֹת הַכְּתוּבוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה (שם):
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| and speak with you. But not with them. - [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:17] |
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וְדִבַּרְתִּי עִמְּךָ.
וְלֹא עִמָּהֶם (שם):
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| and I will increase. Heb. וְאָצַלְתִּי, as the Targum renders it: וַאִרַבֵּי, and I will increase, as in “But against the nobles of (אֲצִילֵי) the children of Israel” (Exod. 24:11). |
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וְאָֽצַלְתִּי.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וַאֲרַבֵּי", כְּמוֹ "וְאֶל אֲצִילֵי בְּנֵי יִשְֹרָאֵל" (שמות כ"ד):
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| and bestow it upon them. What did Moses resemble at that time? A candle placed upon a candelabrum; everyone lights from it, yet its brightness is not diminished. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:17, Midrash Tanchuma Beha’alothecha 12] |
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וְשַׂמְתִּי עֲלֵיהֶם.
לְמָה מֹשֶׁה דוֹמֶה בְאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה? לְנֵר שֶׁמּוּנַח עַל גַּבֵּי מְנוֹרָה וְהַכֹּל מַדְלִיקִין הֵימֶנּוּ וְאֵין אוֹרוֹ חָסֵר כְּלוּם (ספרי):
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| Then they will bear… with you. Stipulate with them that they take upon themselves the burden of My children, who are troublesome and recalcitrant. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:16] |
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וְנָֽשְׂאוּ אִתְּךָ.
הַתְנֵה עִמָּהֶם עַל מְנָת שֶׁיְּקַבְּלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם טֹרַח בָּנַי, שֶׁהֵם טַרְחָנִים וְסַרְבָנִים (שם):
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| so that you need not bear it alone. This is an answer to what you said, “Alone I cannot carry…” (verse 14). - [See Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:17] |
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וְלֹֽא־תִשָּׂא אַתָּה לְבַדֶּֽךָ.
הֲרֵי תְשׁוּבָה לְמַה שֶּׁאָמַרְתָּ לֹא אוּכַל אָנֹכִי לְבַדִּי:
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| 18And to the people, you shall say, 'Prepare yourselves for tomorrow and you shall eat meat, because you have cried in the ears of the Lord saying, "Who will feed us meat, for we had it better in Egypt." [Therefore,] the Lord will give you meat, and you shall eat. |
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יחוְאֶל־הָעָ֨ם תֹּאמַ֜ר הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמָחָר֘ וַֽאֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם בָּשָׂר֒ כִּ֡י בְּכִיתֶם֩ בְּאָזְנֵ֨י יְהֹוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר מִ֤י יַֽאֲכִלֵ֨נוּ֙ בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּי־ט֥וֹב לָ֖נוּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְנָתַ֨ן יְהֹוָ֧ה לָכֶ֛ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וַֽאֲכַלְתֶּֽם: |
| Prepare yourselves. Heb. הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ, prepare yourselves for punishment. Similarly, it says, “and prepare them for the day of slaughter” (Jer. 12:3). - [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:18] |
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הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ.
הַזְמִינוּ עַצְמְכֶם לְפֻרְעָנוּת, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (ירמיהו י"ב) "וְהַקְדִּשֵׁם לְיוֹם הֲרֵגָה" (ספרי):
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| 19You shall eat it not one day, not two days, not five days, not ten days, and not twenty days. |
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יטלֹ֣א י֥וֹם אֶחָ֛ד תֹּֽאכְל֖וּן וְלֹ֣א יוֹמָ֑יִם וְלֹ֣א | חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה יָמִ֗ים וְלֹא֙ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה יָמִ֔ים וְלֹ֖א עֶשְׂרִ֥ים יֽוֹם: |
| 20But even for a full month until it comes out your nose and nauseates you. Because you have despised the Lord Who is among you, and you cried before Him, saying, "Why did we ever leave Egypt?" |
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כעַ֣ד | חֹ֣דֶשׁ יָמִ֗ים עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֙ מֵֽאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְהָיָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְזָרָ֑א יַ֗עַן כִּֽי־מְאַסְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֔ם וַתִּבְכּ֤וּ לְפָנָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה יָצָ֥אנוּ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם: |
| But even for a full month. This [concerned] the [comparatively] virtuous ones, who languish on their beds and later their soul departs. But concerning the wicked ones it says, “the meat was still between their teeth [… when the anger of the Lord flared…]” (verse 33). This is how it is taught in the Sifrei (Beha’alothecha 1:42:20), but in the Mechilta (Beshallach, Vayassa 3:13) the opposite is taught: the wicked ate and suffered [as a result] for thirty days, whereas [concerning] the virtuous-“the meat was still between their teeth” [thus, they did not suffer prolonged agony]. |
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עַד חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים.
זוֹ בַכְּשֵׁרִים, שֶׁמִּתְמַצִּין עַל מִטּוֹתֵיהֶן וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִשְׁמָתָן יוֹצְאָה, וּבָרְשָׁעִים הוּא אוֹמֵר "הַבָּשָׂר עוֹדֶנּוּ בֵּין שִׁנֵּיהֶם" (פסוק ל"ג), כָּךְ הִיא שְׁנוּיָה בְסִפְרֵי, אֲבָל בִּמְכִילְתָּא שְׁנוּיָה חִלּוּף, הָרְשָׁעִים אוֹכְלִים וּמִצְטַעֲרִין שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, וְהַכְּשֵׁרִים הַבָּשָׂר עוֹדֶנּוּ בֵּין שִׁנֵּיהֶם (עי' יומא ע"ה):
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| until it comes out of your nose. As Targum renders: “You will be sickened by it”; it will seem to you as if you gorged on it until it is discharged by way of the nose. |
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עַד אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא מֵֽאַפְּכֶם.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "דִי תְקוֹצוּן בֵּיהּ", יְהֵא דוֹמֶה לָכֶם כְּאִלּוּ אֲכַלְתֶּם מִמֶּנּוּ יוֹתֵר מִדַּאי עַד שֶׁיּוֹצֵא וְנִגְעָל לַחוּץ דֶּרֶךְ הָאָף:
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| and nauseates you. Heb. וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְזָרָא You will cast it away from you more readily than you welcomed it [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:20]. In the words of R. Moshe Hadarshan (the preacher) I noted that there is a language in which a sword is called זָרָא, [meaning that this meat will be the cause of their death]. |
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וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְזָרָא.
שֶׁתִּהְיוּ מְרַחֲקִין אוֹתוֹ יוֹתֵר מִמַּה שֶּׁקֵּרַבְתֶּם, וּבְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן רָאִיתִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָשׁוֹן שֶׁקּוֹרִין לַחֶרֶב זָרָא:
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| the Lord Who is among you. Had I not established My Presence among you, you would not have had the arrogance to engage in all these matters. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:20] |
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אֶת־ה' אֲשֶׁר־בְּקִרְבְּכֶם.
אִם לֹא שֶׁנָּטַעְתִּי שְׁכִינָתִי בֵינֵיכֶם, לֹא גָבַהּ לְבַבְכֶם לִכָּנֵס לְכָל הַדְּבָרִים הַלָּלוּ (ספרי):
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| 21Moses said, "Six hundred thousand people on foot are the people in whose midst I am, and You say, 'I will give them meat, and they will eat it for a full month'? |
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כאוַיֹּ֘אמֶר֘ משֶׁה֒ שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֨לֶף֙ רַגְלִ֔י הָעָ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָֽנֹכִ֖י בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְאַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֗רְתָּ בָּשָׂר֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם וְאָֽכְל֖וּ חֹ֥דֶשׁ יָמִֽים: |
| Six hundred thousand people on foot. He was not concerned with mentioning the additional three thousand (above 1:46). R. Moshe Hadarshan, however, explains that only those [six hundred thousand] who left Egypt wept. |
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שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף רַגְלִי.
לֹא חָשׁ לִמְנוֹת אֶת הַפְּרָט שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים הַיְתֵרִים; וְרַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן פֵּרֵשׁ, שֶׁלֹּא בָכוּ אֶלָּא אוֹתָן שֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם:
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| 22If sheep and cattle were slaughtered for them, would it suffice for them? If all the fish of the sea were gathered for them, would it suffice for them?" |
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כבהֲצֹ֧אן וּבָקָ֛ר יִשָּׁחֵ֥ט לָהֶ֖ם וּמָצָ֣א לָהֶ֑ם אִ֣ם אֶת־כָּל־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֛ם יֵֽאָסֵ֥ף לָהֶ֖ם וּמָצָ֥א לָהֶֽם: |
| If sheep and cattle were slaughtered. This is one of the four cases in which R. Akiva expounded, and R. Simeon expounded differently. R. Akiva says, “Six hundred thousand people on foot, and You have said that I will give them meat, and they will eat it for a full month?” The entire verse is expounded literally. The clause, וּמָצָא לָהֶם means, “Would it suffice for them?” This is similar to [the clause,] “and he has sufficient means (וּמָצָא) for redeeming it” (Lev. 25:26). Which [case] is worse? This one, or [when Moses said] “Listen now, you rebels” (20:10)? [Obviously, this one.] However, since [in this case] he [Moses] did not say it in public, Scripture spares him, and refrains from punishing him. But that of Meribah was in public, so Scripture does not spare him. R. Simeon says, God forbid! This never entered the mind of that righteous man. Would the one about whom it says, “he is trusted throughout My house” (12:7) suggest that the Omnipresent cannot provide for us sufficiently? Rather, this is what he meant: “Six hundred thousand… on foot… and You say, 'I will give them meat for a full month’? Then You will kill such a great nation? Will sheep and cattle be slaughtered for them so that they should then be killed, and this meal will satisfy for them forever [i.e., it will be their last]? Is this a credit for you? Do we tell a donkey, 'Eat this measure of barley, and then we will cut off your head’?” God answered him, “If I do not give them, they will say that My power is limited. Would the fact that God’s power appears limited to them please you? Let them and a hundred like them perish, as long as My power is not limited before them for even one moment! ”- [Tosefta Sotah 6:4] |
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הֲצֹאן וּבָקָר יִשָּׁחֵט.
זֶה אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעָה דְּבָרִים שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא דּוֹרֵשׁ וְאֵין רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן דּוֹרֵשׁ כְּמוֹתוֹ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר שש מאות אלף רגלי ואתה אמרת בשר אתן להם ואכלו חדש ימים הצאן ובקר, הַכֹּל כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ, מִי מַסְפִּיק לָהֶם? כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כ"ה) "וּמָצָא כְּדֵי גְאֻלָּתוֹ". וְאֵיזוֹ קָשָׁה, זוֹ אוֹ שִׁמְעוּ נָא הַמֹּרִים? אֶלָּא לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר בָּרַבִּים, חִסֵּךְ לוֹ הַכָּתוּב וְלֹא נִפְרַע מִמֶּנּוּ, וְזוֹ שֶׁל מְרִיבָה הָיְתָה בְּגָלוּי, לְפִיכָךְ לֹא חִסֵּךְ לוֹ הַכָּתוּב; רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, לֹא עָלְתָה עַל דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ צַדִיק כָּךְ, מִי שֶׁכָּתוּב בּוֹ "בְּכָל בֵּיתִי נֶאֱמָן הוּא" (במדבר י"ב) יֹאמַר אֵין הַמָּקוֹם מַסְפִּיק לָנוּ? אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָמַר, שש מאות אלף רגלי וגו' ואתה אמרת בשר אתן לְחֹדֶשׁ יָמִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ תַּהֲרֹג אֻמָּה גְדוֹלָה כָּזוֹ, הצאן ובקר ישחט להם כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּהָרְגוּ וּתְהִי אֲכִילָה זוֹ מַסְפַּקְתָּן עַד עוֹלָם? וְכִי שִׁבְחֲךָ הוּא זֶה? אוֹמְרִים לוֹ לַחֲמוֹר טֹל כֹּר שְׂעוֹרִים וְנַחְתֹּךְ רֹאשְׁךָ? הֱשִׁיבוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְאִם לֹא אֶתֵּן יֹאמְרוּ שֶׁקָּצְרָה יָדִי, הֲטוֹב בְּעֵינֶיךָ שֶׁיַּד ה' תִּקְצַר בְּעֵינֵיהֶם? יֹאבְדוּ הֵם וּמֵאָה כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶם וְאַל תְּהִי יָדִי קְצָרָה לִפְנֵיהֶם אֲפִלּוּ שָׁעָה אַחַת:
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| 23Then the Lord said to Moses, "Is My power limited? Now you will see if My word comes true for you or not!" |
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כגוַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֔ה הֲיַ֥ד יְהֹוָ֖ה תִּקְצָ֑ר עַתָּ֥ה תִרְאֶ֛ה הֲיִקְרְךָ֥ דְבָרִ֖י אִם־לֹֽא: |
| Now you will see if my word comes true for you or not. Rabban Gamliel, the son of R. Judah the prince, says: [Moses said,] It is impossible to settle their argument. Since they seek only a pretext, you cannot satisfy them, and in the end, they will find fault with you. If you give them beef they will say, “We asked for mutton.” And if you give them mutton, they will say, “We asked for beef,” [or,] “We asked for venison or fowl,” [or,] “We asked for fish and locusts.” He [God] replied to him, “If so, they will claim that My power is limited.” He [Moses] said to him, “I will go and appease them.” He said to him, “Now you will see if My word comes true for you”-that they will not listen to you. Moses went to appease them. He said to them, “Is there a limit to God’s power? Behold, He struck the rock and water flowed; surely, He can provide bread!” (Ps. 78:20) They said, "This is [an attempt at] compromise-He Has no power to fulfill our wishes." This is the meaning of, “Moses went out and told the people.” Since they did not listen to him, “he assembled seventy men…” - [Tosefta Sotah 6:4 and Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:21] |
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עַתָּה תִרְאֶה הֲיִקְרְךָ דְבָרִי.
רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַנָּשִׂיא אוֹמֵר, אִי אֶפְשָׁר לַעֲמֹד עַל הַטָּפֵל, מֵאַחַר שֶׁאֵינָן מְבַקְשִׁים אֶלָּא עֲלִילָה, לֹא תַסְפִּיק לָהֶם, סוֹפָן לָדוּן אַחֲרֶיךָ: אִם אַתָּה נוֹתֵן לָהֶם בְּשַׂר בְּהֵמָה גַסָּה, יֹאמְרוּ דַּקָּה בִקַּשְׁנוּ, וְאִם אַתָּה נוֹתֵן לָהֶם דַּקָּה, יֹאמְרוּ גַּסָּה בִקַּשְׁנוּ, חַיָּה וָעוֹף בִּקַּשְׁנוּ, דָּגִים וַחֲגָבִים בִּקַּשְׁנוּ, אָמַר לוֹ, אִם כֵּן יֹאמְרוּ שֶׁקָּצְרָה יָדִי, אָמַר לְפָנָיו, הֲרֵינִי הוֹלֵךְ וּמְפַיְּסָן, אָמַר לוֹ עתה תראה היקרך דברי — שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁמְעוּ לְךָ. הָלַךְ מֹשֶׁה לְפַיְּסָן, אָמַר לָהֶם היד ה' תקצר, "הֵן הִכָּה צוּר וַיָּזוּבוּ מַיִם וְגוֹ' הֲגַם לֶחֶם יוּכַל תֵּת" (תהלים ע"ח), אָמְרוּ, פְּשָׁרָה הִיא זוֹ, אֵין בּוֹ כֹּחַ לְמַלֹּאות שְׁאֵלָתֵנוּ; וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ויצא משה וידבר אל העם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא שָׁמְעוּ לוֹ, ויאסף שבעים איש וגו' (עי' ספרי):
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| 24Moses went out and told the people what the Lord had said, and he assembled seventy men of the elders of the people, and stood them around the Tent. |
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כדוַיֵּצֵ֣א משֶׁ֗ה וַיְדַבֵּר֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה וַיֶּֽאֱסֹ֞ף שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִישׁ֙ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם וַיַּֽעֲמֵ֥ד אֹתָ֖ם סְבִיבֹ֥ת הָאֹֽהֶל: |
| 25The Lord descended in a cloud and spoke to him, and He increased some of the spirit that was on him and bestowed it on the seventy elders. And when the spirit rested upon them, they prophesied, but they did not continue. |
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כהוַיֵּ֨רֶד יְהֹוָ֣ה | בֶּֽעָנָן֘ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָיו֒ וַיָּ֗אצֶל מִן־הָר֨וּחַ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֕ן עַל־שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ הַזְּקֵנִ֑ים וַיְהִ֗י כְּנ֤וֹחַ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ הָר֔וּחַ וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ וְלֹ֥א יָסָֽפוּ: |
| but they did not continue. They prophesied on that day only-Thus it is stated in Sifrei (Beha’alothecha 1:42:21). The Targum renders “and they did not cease” [meaning] that their prophetic powers remained. |
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וְלֹא יָסָֽפוּ.
לֹא נִתְנַבְּאוּ אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם לְבַדּוֹ, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בְּסִפְרֵי, וְאֻנְקְלוֹס תִּרְגֵּם "וְלָא פָסְקִין", שֶׁלֹּא פָסְקָה נְבוּאָה מֵהֶם:
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| 26Now two men remained in the camp; the name of one was Eldad and the name of the second was Medad, and the spirit rested upon them. They were among those written, but they did not go out to the tent, but prophesied in the camp. |
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כווַיִּשָּֽׁאֲר֣וּ שְׁנֵֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֣ים | בַּמַּֽחֲנֶ֡ה שֵׁ֣ם הָֽאֶחָ֣ד | אֶלְדָּ֡ד וְשֵׁם֩ הַשֵּׁנִ֨י מֵידָ֜ד וַתָּ֧נַח עֲלֵהֶ֣ם הָר֗וּחַ וְהֵ֨מָּה֙ בַּכְּתֻבִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָֽצְא֖וּ הָאֹ֑הֱלָה וַיִּתְנַבְּא֖וּ בַּמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
| Now two men remained. From the ones who were chosen. They said, “We are unworthy of this greatness.” - [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:21] |
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וַיִּשָּֽׁאֲרוּ שְׁנֵֽי־אֲנָשִׁים.
מֵאוֹתָן שֶׁנִּבְחֲרוּ, אָמְרוּ אֵין אָנוּ כְּדַאי לִגְדֻלָּה זוֹ (עי' סנהדרין י"ז):
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| They were among those written. Among those chosen for the Sanhedrin. All of them were written down, mentioned specifically by name, but [the number was chosen] by lot, because the number [of elders] for twelve tribes came to six for each tribe, except for two tribes who would receive only five each. Moses said, “No tribe will listen to me to deduct one elder from its tribe.” What did he do? He took seventy-two slips and wrote on seventy [of them, the word] ‘elder’ and two of them he left blank. He then chose six men from each tribe, totaling seventy-two. He said to them, “Draw your slips from the urn. Whoever picked [one inscribed with] ‘elder’ was [already] sanctified. Whoever picked a blank slip, he said to him,”The Omnipresent does not want you." - [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:21, Sanh. 17a] |
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וְהֵמָּה בַּכְּתֻבִים.
בַּמְבֹרָרִים שֶׁבָּהֶם לְסַנְהֶדְרִין, וְנִכְתְּבוּ כֻלָּם נְקוּבִים בְּשֵׁמוֹת וְעַל יְדֵי גּוֹרָל, לְפִי שֶׁהַחֶשְׁבּוֹן עוֹלֶה לְי"ב שְׁבָטִים שִׁשָּׁה שִׁשָּׁה לְכָל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט, חוּץ מִשְּׁנֵי שְׁבָטִים שֶׁאֵין מַגִּיעַ אֲלֵיהֶם אֶלָּא חֲמִשָּׁה חֲמִשָּׁה, אָמַר מֹשֶׁה אֵין שֵׁבֶט שׁוֹמֵעַ לִי לִפְחוֹת מִשִּׁבְטוֹ זָקֵן אֶחָד, מֶה עָשָׂה, נָטַל ע"ב פְתָקִין וְכָתַב עַל שִׁבְעִים "זָקֵן" וְעַל שְׁנַיִם חָלָק וּבֵרֵר מִכָּל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט שִׁשָּה, וְהָיוּ ע"ב, אָמַר לָהֶם, טְלוּ פִתְקֵיכֶם מִתּוֹךְ קַלְפִּי, מִי שֶׁעָלָה בְיָדוֹ "זָקֵן" נִתְקַדֵּשׁ, מִי שֶׁעָלָה בְיָדוֹ חָלָק אָמַר לוֹ, הַמָּקוֹם לֹא חָפֵץ בָּךְ (ספרי; סנהדרין י"ז):
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| 27The lad ran and told Moses, saying, "Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp!" |
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כזוַיָּ֣רָץ הַנַּ֔עַר וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לְמשֶׁ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֶלְדָּ֣ד וּמֵידָ֔ד מִתְנַבְּאִ֖ים בַּמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
| The lad ran. Some say this was Moses’ son, Gershom. — [Tanchuma Beha’alothecha 12] |
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וַיָּרָץ הַנַּעַר.
יֵ"א גֵּרְשׁוֹם בֶּן מֹשֶׁה הָיָה (עי' ילקוט):
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| 28Joshua the son of Nun, Moses' servant from his youth, answered and said, Moses, my master, imprison them!" |
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כחוַיַּ֜עַן יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן מְשָׁרֵ֥ת משֶׁ֛ה מִבְּחֻרָ֖יו וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנִ֥י משֶׁ֖ה כְּלָאֵֽם: |
| imprison them. Heb. כְּלָאֵם. Impose upon them communal responsibilities and they will be finished (כָּלִים) [as prophets] by themselves (Sanh. 17a). Another interpretation: Imprison them (בֵּית הַכֶּלֶא) (Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:21, Targum Onkelos), for they were prophesying that Moses would die and Joshua would take them into the Land of Israel. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:21, Sanh. 17a] |
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כְּלָאֵֽם.
הַטֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם צָרְכֵי צִבּוּר וְהֵם כָּלִים מֵאֲלֵיהֶם; דָּבָר אַחֵר, תְּנֵם אֶל בֵּית הַכֶּלֶא, לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ מִתְנַבְּאִים מֹשֶׁה מֵת וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְנִיס אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל לָאָרֶץ (עי' ספרי):
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| 29Moses said to him, "Are you zealous for my sake? If only all the Lord's people were prophets, that the Lord would bestow His spirit upon them!" |
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כטוַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ משֶׁ֔ה הַֽמְקַנֵּ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לִ֑י וּמִ֨י יִתֵּ֜ן כָּל־עַ֤ם יְהֹוָה֙ נְבִיאִ֔ים כִּֽי־יִתֵּ֧ן יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־רוּח֖וֹ עֲלֵיהֶֽם: |
| Are you zealous for my sake?. Are you a zealous for me? Are you being zealous for what I should be zealous? |
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הַֽמְקַנֵּא אַתָּה לִי.
הֲקִנְאָתִי אַתָּה מְקַנֵּא:
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| for my sake. The word לִי means בִּשְׁבִילִי,“for my sake.” The term קִנְאָה is used to denote a person who takes a matter to heart, whether to avenge or to help; in old French, enportement; holding the bulk of the burden. |
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לִי.
כְּמוֹ בִּשְׁבִילִי; כָּל לְשׁוֹן קִנְאָה אָדָם הַנּוֹתֵן לֵב עַל הַדָּבָר, אוֹ לִנְקֹם, אוֹ לַעֲזֹר, אנפר"מנט בְּלַעַז, אוֹחֵז בְּעֹבִי הַמַּשָּׂא:
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| 30Then Moses entered the camp; he and the elders of Israel. |
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לוַיֵּֽאָסֵ֥ף משֶׁ֖ה אֶל־הַמַּֽחֲנֶ֑ה ה֖וּא וְזִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| Moses entered. From the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. |
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וַיֵּֽאָסֵף משֶׁה.
מִפֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד:
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| the camp. Each one to his tent. |
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אֶל־הַמַּֽחֲנֶה.
נִכְנְסוּ אִישׁ לְאָהֳלוֹ:
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| entered. Heb. וַיֵאָסֵף, an expression denoting entering a house, as in, “You shall gather it (וַאֲסַפְתּוֹ) into your house” (Deut. 22:2). The origin for all these terms is, “he amasses, but knows not who will gather them in (אֹסְפָם)” (Ps. 39:7). This teaches that He [God] did not bring punishment upon them before the righteous men had retired to their tents. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:30] |
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וַיֵּֽאָסֵף.
לְשׁוֹן כְּנִיסָה אֶל הַבַּיִת, כְּמוֹ "וַאֲסַפְתּוֹ אֶל תּוֹךְ בֵּיתֶךָ" (דברים כב, ב), וְאָב לְכֻלָּם "יִצְבֹּר וְלֹא יֵדַע מִי אֹסְפָם" (תהלים לט, ז), מְלַמֵּד שֶׁלֹא הֵבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם פֻּרְעָנוּת עַד שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ הַצַּדִּיקִים אִישׁ לְאָהֳלוֹ (ספרי):
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| 31A wind went forth from the Lord and swept quails from the sea and spread them over the camp about one day's journey this way and one day's journey that way, around the camp, about two cubits above the ground. |
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לאוְר֜וּחַ נָסַ֣ע | מֵאֵ֣ת יְהֹוָ֗ה וַיָּ֣גָז שַׂלְוִים֘ מִן־הַיָּם֒ וַיִּטּ֨שׁ עַל־הַמַּֽחֲנֶ֜ה כְּדֶ֧רֶךְ י֣וֹם כֹּ֗ה וּכְדֶ֤רֶךְ יוֹם֙ כֹּ֔ה סְבִיב֖וֹת הַמַּֽחֲנֶ֑ה וּכְאַמָּתַ֖יִם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ: |
| and swept. Heb. וַיָּגָז, caused to fly; similarly, “for it passes (גָז) quickly” (Ps. 90:10), “and likewise, they have crossed (נָגוֹזוּ) and passed away” (Nah. 1:12). |
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וַיָּגָז.
וַיַּפְרִיחַ, וְכֵן "כִּי גָז חִישׁ" (תהילים צ'), וְכֵן "נָגוֹזּוּ וְעָבָר" (נחום א'):
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| and spread them. Heb. וַיִּטֹּשׁ, and strew them, as in, “Behold, they were spread out (נְטֻשִׁים) over the face of the land” (I Sam. 30:16); “I will spread you out (וּנְטַשְׁתִּיךָ) in the desert” (Ezek. 29:5). |
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וַיִּטּשׁ.
וַיַּפְשֵׁט, כְּמוֹ "וְהִנֵּה נְטֻשִׁים עַל פְּנֵי כָל הָאָרֶץ" (שמואל א ל'), "וּנְטַשְׁתִּיךָ הַמִּדְבָּרָה" (יחזקאל כ"ט):
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| about two cubits. They flew at a height that they reached a person’s heart, so that it would not be difficult for them to gather them, so that they need neither rise up nor bend down. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:31] |
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וּכְאַמָּתַיִם.
פּוֹרְחוֹת בַּגֹּבַהּ, עַד שֶׁהֵן כְּנֶגֶד לִבּוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא טוֹרֵחַ בַּאֲסִיפָתָן לֹא לְהַגְבִּיהַּ וְלֹא לִשְׁחוֹת (ספרי):
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| 32The people rose up all that day and all night and the next day and gathered the quails. [Even] the one who gathered the least collected ten heaps. They spread them around the camp in piles. |
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לבוַיָּ֣קָם הָעָ֡ם כָּל־הַיּוֹם֩ הַה֨וּא וְכָל־הַלַּ֜יְלָה וְכֹ֣ל | י֣וֹם הַמָּֽחֳרָ֗ת וַיַּֽאַסְפוּ֙ אֶת־הַשְּׂלָ֔יו (כתיב השלו) הַמַּמְעִ֕יט אָסַ֖ף עֲשָׂרָ֣ה חֳמָרִ֑ים וַיִּשְׁטְח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ שָׁט֔וֹחַ סְבִיב֖וֹת הַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
| [Even] the one who gathered the least. The one who gathered the least of all, the lazy and the disabled, gathered ten heaps. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:32] |
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הַמַּמְעִיט.
מִי שֶׁאוֹסֵף פָּחוֹת מִכֻּלָּם, הָעֲצֵלִים וְהַחִגְּרִים, אסף עשרה חמרים (שם):
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| they spread them. They spread them out in numerous heaps. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:32] |
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וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ.
עָשׂוּ אוֹתָן מַשְׁטִיחִין מַשְׁטִיחִין (שם):
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| 33The meat was still between their teeth; it was not yet finished, and the anger of the Lord flared against the people, and the Lord struck the people with a very mighty blow. |
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לגהַבָּשָׂ֗ר עוֹדֶ֨נּוּ֙ בֵּ֣ין שִׁנֵּיהֶ֔ם טֶ֖רֶם יִכָּרֵ֑ת וְאַ֤ף יְהֹוָה֙ חָרָ֣ה בָעָ֔ם וַיַּ֤ךְ יְהֹוָה֙ בָּעָ֔ם מַכָּ֖ה רַבָּ֥ה מְאֹֽד: |
| it was not yet finished. טֶרֶם יִכָּרֵת. As the Targum renders: it was not yet finished. [I.e., the quails had not yet finished coming (Be’er Basadeh). They had not yet finished eating (Gur Aryeh). All the quails had not yet been removed from the field (Be’er Mayim Chayim).] Another interpretation: He did not have the chance to chew it [lit., cut it] with his teeth before his soul departed. — [Sifrei Beha’alothecha 1:42:33] |
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טֶרֶם יִכָּרֵת.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "עַד לָא פְסַק"; דָּבָר אַחֵר, אֵינוֹ מַסְפִּיק לְפָסְקוֹ בְּשִׁנָּיו עַד שֶׁנִּשְׁמָתוֹ יוֹצְאָה:
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| 34He named that place Kivroth Hata'avah [Graves of Craving], for there they buried the people who craved. |
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לדוַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא קִבְר֣וֹת הַתַּֽאֲוָ֑ה כִּי־שָׁם֙ קָֽבְר֔וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם הַמִּתְאַוִּֽים: |
| 35From Kivroth Hata'avah the people traveled to Hazeroth, and they stayed in Hazeroth. |
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להמִקִּבְר֧וֹת הַתַּֽאֲוָ֛ה נָֽסְע֥וּ הָעָ֖ם חֲצֵר֑וֹת וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ בַּֽחֲצֵרֽוֹת: |
